陸軍飛行員空間迷向經驗調查研究

ROC Army Helicopter Pilots Spatial Disorientation Survey

鄭兆堅(Chao-Chien Cheng) ； 李紀蓮(Chi-Lien Lee) ； 朱信(Hsin Chu) ； 文羽西(Yu-His Wen) ； 林信宏(Sin-Hong Lin) ； 江國超(Kwo-Tsao Chiang) ； 杜旻育(Min-Yu Tu)

《中華民國航空醫學暨科學期刊》 34卷1&2期 (2020/12) Pp. 29-42

https://doi.org/10.7011/JAMSROC.202012_34(1_2).0003

摘要

前言：空間迷向是軍事飛行重大失事的主要原因之一，綜觀國軍近來A級重大飛行意外事件多疑似與空間迷向有關，造成人員及飛機損傷，對於飛行安全的威脅性值得重視，近期陸軍新成立阿帕契攻擊直升機（AH-64E）及黑鷹直升機（UH-60M）戰鬥部隊，飛行員換裝任務繁重，空間迷向發生率相對提高。材料及方法：以問卷為研究工具，針對陸軍飛行員發生空間迷向之原因進行探討，並運用質性研究常用之內容分析方法進行資料分類歸納。研究結果：（1）有效問卷計212份，平均年齡33.3±5.7歲，平均飛行總時數1059小時，平均主機種飛行時數657小時。（2）最近三年曾發生空間迷向者計56人（26.4%），表示曾造成飛行高危險者計9人（4.2%）。（3）經歷過嚴重的空間迷向經驗者計100人（47.2%），其中19人（9%）表示對飛安有中度程度的影響。（4）易發生空間迷向的28項情境，經分類排序前3項者依序為滯空時發生飄移或高度下降而未察覺（30.2%），坡度改平後感覺不正確傾斜角度（26.9%），進雲視野只有白色背景失去方向感（26.4%）。（5）空間迷向發生時之生心理反應及處置，依內容特性區分為「生理反應」、「心理感受」、「操控影響」、「因應對策」等4個類別，計170人次提供意見。結論：本研究以開放式的問卷為設計主軸，得到許多珍貴的資料，對於陸軍飛行員空間迷向發生之生心理感受及因應對策，有深入的瞭解。研究結果可提供陸軍飛行部隊及航訓中心訓練精進與參考，以達到促進飛行安全，強化空防戰力的目的。

關鍵字

陸軍飛行員 ； 空間迷向 ； 錯覺

並列摘要

Introduction: Spatial disorientation (SD) is considered one of the main causes of aviation mishap for military helicopters. ROC Army gained AH-64E and UH-60M helicopter. There is more flight risk during the period of transform because pilots need to adapt the new control pattern, it might lead to the increased incidence of SD in flight. The purpose of this study was to understand of how SD affects aircrew in day-to-day flying would allow appropriate countermeasures to be developed to reduce its impact. Methods: This is a qualitative research design adopting an open-ended questionnaire, including 28 SD and illusion scenarios. A survey using this questionnaire was conducted and distributed at three army helicopter bases. The survey collected data about the incidence of a wide range of SD illusions experienced in the respondents' current aircraft type. Additional information about the most recent SD incident, physiologic responses during SD, countermeasures applied were also collected and analyzed. Results: Data from 212 completed surveys were analyzed. The average age was 33.3±5.7 years (25-57 years old), 208 men (98.1%), and 4 women (1.9%). The average of flight hours was 1,058±1,529 hours (205-13,000 hours). The top three causes of SD were: undetected drift, the leans, and flying into the cloud. Feelings of the most severe experience in SD included physiological impact, difficult to fly, stress and anxiety. Conclusions: As aircraft become more agile and greater sensory demands are placed on pilots, the incidence and severity of SD are likely to increase unless more effective countermeasures are introduced. Better training would undoubtedly help. The qualitative methods used in this survey could allow researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of countermeasures and provide valuable information for future training.

並列關鍵字

spatial disorientation ； illusion ； army pilots