亨利八世之離婚宣傳戰：《真相的鏡子》的出版與官方宣傳機制的成形

The Propaganda of Henry Ⅷ's First Divorce: A Glass of the Truth and the Formation of Official Propagandist Mechanism

李若庸(Juo-Yung Lee)

《成大西洋史集刊》 12期 (2004/06) Pp. 55-89

https://doi.org/10.7077/JWH.200406.0055

摘要

官方宣傳在英格蘭宗教改革的過程中至為重要。亨利八世於1531年首次公開離婚的願望。這也是他決定不再期待教廷，要以自己的手段尋求解決的開始。與歐陸的君王相較，都鐸王室只能算是「弱勢」的君王。離婚後亨利八世立即面臨來自西班牙的威脅以及教廷「開除教籍」的壓力。在重重危機中，亨利所能倚靠的唯有他在民間的支持與聲望。以英格蘭人民為後盾，亨利八世才可能達成脫離羅馬，自立英格蘭國教會的任務。亨利的大動作讓國內產生了許多疑懼。「國王為什麼離婚？」「國王要如何離婚？」「離婚對現有的生活有怎樣的影響？」「會不會引來西班牙方面的報復？」只有在這些問題得到解答之後，英格蘭臣民才能夠排除憂懼，與國王站在一起。亨利八世顯然也深諳此中關鍵。1532年《真相的鏡子》一書出版。書中對離婚的相關問題有清楚的剖析。《真相的鏡子》是亨利八世早期的文宣品。它的問世代表著亨利政府的宣傳機制由生澀走向成熟。官方宣傳機制自此在宗教改革的推動上扮演著不可忽視的一環。

關鍵字

英格蘭宗教改革 ； 宣傳 ； 《真相的鏡子》 ； 亨利八世 ； 離婚官司

並列摘要

Official propaganda was crucial in the promotion of the English Reformation. In 1531, Henry Ⅷ revealed his wish to divorce to the public for the first time. This shows that he no longer set hopes on the Curia, resolving to solve the problem himself. Compared to other European rulers, the Tudor monarchs were weak. After divorce, Henry faced immediate threats from both Spain and Rome. Involved in serious crises, Henry could only rely his popular support; it was the Church. Henry's action, however, caused great anxiety within the realm. ”Why does the King want a divorce?” ”How can the King divorce?” ”What effects will be caused by the divorce?” ”Will the divorce cause the revenge from Spain?” Only when these questions answered could the English people be relieved and choose to stand with the King. Henry Ⅷ apparently was aware of this vital factor. A Glass of the Truth, published in 1532, explained the divorce plan in detail, responding to people's apprehension. A Glass of the Truth was one of Henry's earliest propaganda. Its publication proves the propaganda mechanism of Henry's government has reached its maturity. From then on, official propaganda became a mechanism not ignorable.

並列關鍵字

English Reformation ； Propaganda ； A Glass of the Truth ； Henry Ⅷ ； the King' Great Matter