最高法院對運送人未憑載貨證券放貨之責任裁判探討兼論運送人之因應

A Study of the Supreme Court Judgments for Carrier's Liabilities for Release Goods Without Surrender the Bill of Lading and Carrier's Countermeasures

曾文瑞(Wen-Jui Tseng) ； 曾國雄(Kuo-Shyong Tseng)

《運籌研究集刊》 3期 (2003/06) Pp. 23-41

https://doi.org/10.7047/LRR.200306.0023

摘要

載貨證券具有物權證券性質，故受領運送物時應將載貨證券繳回，即使爲實際之受貨人，若不將載貨證券提出及交還，仍不得向運送人請求交付運送物。但實務了仍出現運送人未憑載貨證券而逕行放貨之情形，造成許多貨損糾紛而成爲一常見之訴訟原因。本文自法律觀點深入討論載貨證券之繳回性質，並整理我國最高法院自民國七十年至九十年之判決，歸納整理高法院對於無單放貨之原因、運送人之責任及賠償金額，研究發現我國法院大多仍持受領運送物時應將載貨證券繳回之見解，偶有運送人勝訴之判決，僅爲託運人已無損失，或尚待對於無單放貨之事實調查釐清，以及運送人依當地法令必須無單放貨之情形。最後針對各種貨損索賠情形，提出運送人可行之因應處置。

關鍵字

載貨證券 ； 提單 ； 擔保提貨書 ； 電報放貨 ； 無單放貨

並列摘要

The bill of lading's status as a document of title to goods gives it the ability to transfer legal possession of the goods to its transferee. Thus the consignee would be surrender of the bill of lading when delivering the goods. But, delivery of goods without production of original bill of lading are still occur at practice and become many cargo claim problems. This paper examine the bill of lading's surrender and possession function form the law viewpoint, and arrange supreme court cases form 1981 to 2001 about the reason of the carrier's failure to require the surrender of the bills of lading and their liabilities. The results found that supreme court express remain that when cargo owner requirement for delivering goods have to return the bill of lading. Finally, This paper suggests that carrier should take some different countermeasures when delivering goods without production of bill of lading.

並列關鍵字

Bill of Lading ； Letter of guarantee ； Telex Release Goods

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