台中日三國無單放貨之比較法研究

A Study on Release Cargo without Surrender the Bill of Lading in Taiwan, China and Japan

葉美吟(Mei-Yin Yeh)

指導教授 ： 曾國雄

共同指導教授 ： 喜田修

長榮大學/人文社會學院/日本研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2006.00052

摘要

摘 要

根據我國海商法第六十條準用民法第六百三十條之規定，受貨人請求交付貨物時，應將提單交還。換言之，貨物之交付，應憑載貨證券為之。即使為實際之受貨人，如不出示載貨證券，仍不得請求交付貨物。且運送人有拒絕交付貨物的權利。

但在海運實務上，為快速將貨物交至受貨人手中，於是採行許多不同方式取代載貨證券的交付，如「擔保提貨」、「電報放貨」等。雖然加快了航運市場的運作，但也衍生出許多問題，其中以無單放貨最為嚴重。因此，本研究之主要目的為：

（一） 建立台、中、日無單放貨之類型及分類表
（二） 建立台、中、日無單放貨之理論基礎
（三） 建立台、中、日無單放貨之判決內容分類表
（四） 提出台、中、日無單放貨之損害防止對策

本研究共分成七章，第一章為序論，包含研究動機，研究方法、研究目的與流程。第二章為文獻探討。第三章為台灣和中國之無單放貨案例分析。第四章為日本無單放貨案例之分析。第五章為台、中、日無單放貨的侵權行為和債務不履行其責任體制上之比較。第六章為台、中、日無單放貨之案例上的比較。第七章為結論和建議。

無單放貨之行為會因為法官的主客觀認定條件的不同而有所不同，如除斥期間之認定是。因此為減少無單放貨之糾紛，本研究從法律觀點分析台、中、日三國的案例，試圖提出妥當的建議，幫助託運人及運送人處理無單放貨之問題。

關鍵字

無單放貨 ； 載貨證券 ； 擔保提貨書 ； 除斥期間

並列摘要

Abstract

According to Article 60 of the maritime law, which is applied to Article 630 of the civil law. The consignee would be surrendered the bill of lading when delivering the goods. In other words, the production of the bill of lading is indispensable when delivering the goods. Even if you are a real consignee, as far as without surrender the bill of lading, you are not allowed to ask for a delivery of goods. Besides, carrier has the rights to refuse delivery goods.

But at practice, in order to let consignee receive goods ahead of time, many different ways have taken to replace the production of the bill of lading. For example, such as 「Release goods with L/G」、「Telex release goods」etc. Although these ways have made shipping market work more efficiently, they have been caused many claim problems. Among all of them, 「release goods without surrender the bill of lading」is one of the most serious issues.

Therefore, the main purposes of this research are:
1.To set an assortment and type of release goods without surrender the bill of lading in Taiwan, China and Japan.
2.To set a theory foundation of release goods without surrender the bill of lading in Taiwan, China and Japan.
3.To set an assortment in cases of release goods without surrender the bill of lading in Taiwan, China and Japan..
4.Try to submit countermeasures against release goods without surrender the bill of lading.

There are 7 chapters in this research. The first Chapter is introduction, contains the research motivation, research methods，research purposes and processes. The second Chapter reviews the history of research. The third Chapter investigates the cases which occurred in Taiwan and China. The fourth Chapter analyzes the cases of delivery of goods without surrender of bill of lading in Japan. The fifth Chapter compares the infringement act with default on an obligation from liability structure. The sixth Chapter is comparison of cases in Taiwan, China and Japan. The last Chapter is conclusion and suggestion.

The result of release goods without surrender the bill of lading varies according to the subjective and objective judgments. The recognition of limitation of time is one such example. Therefore, to decrease the claims on this issue, the research analyzes the cases that happened in Taiwan, China and Japan from the law viewpoint. Last, try to suggest appropriate countermeasures for shipper and carrier to deal with this issue.

並列關鍵字

Release Goods Without Surrender the Bill of Lading ； Bill of Lading ； Letter of Guarantee ； Limitation of Time Bar

參考文獻

36.劉宗榮（1996），「海商法」，三民書局，一版。

3.王堉苓（2004.02），「案例評析：以最高法院七十五年度台上字第1096号民事判決以擔保提貨書放貨為探討中心」，航貿週刊。

11.曾文瑞、曾國雄（2003），「最高法院對運送人未憑載貨證券放貨之責任裁判探討兼論運送人之因應」，運籌研究集刊，第三期。

8.柯澤東（2000.5），「論我國海商法修正評述」，台灣本土法學雜誌，第十期。

參考文獻（日本語）