美國、日本與台灣的職棒裁判制度之比較

A Comparison of the Professional Baseball Umpire System of America, Japan, and Taiwan

徐傑(Chieh Hsu)

《輔仁大學體育學刊》 5期 (2006/05) Pp. 324-333

https://doi.org/10.29697/JPE.200605.0027

摘要

自從棒球運動在一百多年以前開始以來，它就不斷的吸引人們的目光，直到現在，隨著比賽的競爭越來越激烈，比賽出現的狀況也越來越多，當時所訂的十三條規則早已無法應付所有的比賽情形，所以開始增加規則上的條文規範；但當規則也越來越多且複雜的時候，這時也需要更專業的人來從事裁判的工作。到了現在，職業棒球運動蓬勃發展，當然對裁判的要求也與日愈增，職業裁判的工作早已專業化及制度化，因此本文就針對美國、日本及台灣的職棒裁判制度作一比較。
經過比較，台灣裁判的制度可從下列幾個方面來改善：一、完善的基礎訓練。二、明確的晉昇制度。三、二軍的建立。四、優渥的持過。五、適當的休息。六、避免其它過多的干預。
「他山之石，可以攻錯」；雖然我們和美國、日本的情況不盡相同，但在發展的過程裡，都可能會遇到相同的問題；所以多去參考他們的經驗，加上我們本身的特有文化，發展出一套屬於自己的裁判制度，這樣才能提升國內的棒球環境，豐富台灣棒球文化的素養，讓我國的棒球，繼續足於國際五強之內。

關鍵字

棒球 ； 職棒裁判 ； 中華職棒 ； 美國職棒大聯盟 ； 日本職棒

並列摘要

For more than ten decades, baseball has been drawing people's attention. Nowadays, with the excitement of the competition, more situations happen in the games. The thirteen regulations that were made in the beginning couldn't fit into the current competitions any more, so more specific regulations were added. However, with the increase of the complicated regulations, more professional baseball umpires are needed for the job. So far, the great development of the professional baseball has made an impact on higher requirements for umpires. The job as the professional baseball umpire has been professionalized and systemized. Therefore, this current research was to compare the umpire systems among America, Japan, and Taiwan.
With comparison, this research found the following methods to improve the baseball umpire systems in Taiwan: First, giving good basic training to the baseball umpires; second, specifying the promotion system; third, establishing a minor league; fourth, offering good pay; fifth, getting appropriate rest; and, sixth, preventing from over-interference from people outside the umpire group.
As an old saying goes, ”The stones of those hills may be used to polish gems”. Although the situations in Taiwan differ from those in America and Japan, all of us may encounter similar difficulties in the process of development. Besides taking experience for reference from America and Japan, we should add on our own culture to develop a set of our own baseball umpire systems. Then we will be able to promote the baseball environment in Taiwan, enrich the baseball culture in Taiwan, and keep our baseball in the world's top 5.

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