都市空氣污染環璄中居住與運動探討

Life and Exercise in the Environments of Urban Air Pollution

陳姿汶(Tzu-Wen Chen) ； 謝伸裕(Shen-Yu Sandy)

《輔仁大學體育學刊》 8期 (2009/05) Pp. 278-288

https://doi.org/10.29697/JPE.200905.0021

摘要

居住在都市環境下的居民，空氣污染的源頭較多，如：工廠廢氣及汽、機車排放量…等。再加上地理環境及氣候的因素影響，會使空氣污染指數達到對人體有害的等級，造成此環境的居民呼吸系統與心血管系統危害而影響健康，對於運動訓練或是競賽的表現，也有反面的效果。本文主要探討，空氣中的汙染物包含二氧化硫(SO2)、一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化氮(NO2)、臭氧(O3)、懸浮微粒(PM10)等化學物質，超出安全標準時，對都市居民的神經系統、心血管系統方面、免疫系統方面及呼吸系統方面的傷害，並引起肺功能的下降，對健康及運動表現造成負面影響。另外，CO會降低氧氣傳送到組織的能力，對運動員是需要特別注意的污染物。最後，提出在面臨這些外來壓力來源時，居民外出或訓練都應避免在上、下班的尖峰時段，並選擇有微風的地方來吹散廢氣及污染物。訓練時，應考量有效劑量的因素，改以低組數、高負荷、長休息時間的阻力訓練來替代，依此擬定出減少空氣汙染對身體傷害的個人策略。

關鍵字

空氣污染 ； 運動表現 ； 都市空氣品質

並列摘要

Life in the urban area has more source of air pollution. Anthropogenic emissions and automotive exhaust in conjunction with the topographical and meteorological factors can result in serious air pollution to affect health. Airborne contaminants primarily affect the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Furthermore, athletic performance will also be affected. The main study was to know the air concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) exceed the limits can take a heavy toll on health. These various gases affect our nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune system and respiratory system directly. Additionally, urban air pollutants reduced pulmonary function that negatively affects health and athletic performance, especially air pollution CO. Therefore, exposures to air pollution environment should select in breezes place, and avoid exercise in the automobile exhaust production time. Consider the effective dose (ED) of training session, reducing the intensity of workouts. A personal optimal guideline should be observed to minimize the impact of pollution.

並列關鍵字

air pollution ； exercise performance ； urban air quality

參考文獻

方進隆(1989)。運動與空氣污染。中華體育季刊。2(4)，8-12。

空氣污染指標定義

Armstrong, L. E.(2000).Performing in extreme environments.Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.

American Lung Association.(1989).Air pollution tips for exercisers.Washington, DC:American Lung Association.

Atkinson, R. W.,Anderson, H. R.,Sunyer, J.,Ayres, J.,Baccini, M.,Vonk, J. M.(2001).Acute effects of particulate air pollution on respiratory admissions: results from APHEA 2 project. Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach.American journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.164(10 Pt 1),1860-1866.