臺東地區文化健康站居民運動參與程度、老化態度與成功老化認知之關係

A study on the relationship between the degree of sport participation, aging attitudes and successful aging cognition of residents of cultural health station- a case study of Taitung area

何永彬(Yung-Pin Ho)

《輔仁大學體育學刊》 21期 (2022/07) Pp. 144-165

摘要

本研究主要探討臺東地區文化健康站居民運動參與程度、老化態度與成功老化認知的關係，並採用問卷調查法，總共回收216份有效問卷後，以SPSS for Windows 24.0統計分析軟體進行資料分析。主要發現如下：一、女性「負向老化」認知顯著高於男性；國小以下組在「學習養生」構面顯著高於國小畢業組；在不同退休前主要職業當中，非務農在「運動時間」顯著高於務農；「經濟健康」、「親友互動」、「學習養生」構面則是務農顯著高於非務農者。二、「實際年齡」與「正向老化」、「親友互動」呈顯著負相關。「教育程度」與「經濟健康」、「親友互動」、「學習養生」呈顯著負相關。「運動強度」、「運動參與程度」與「負向老化」呈顯著負相關。「負向老化」與「正向老化」、「經濟健康」、「親友互動」、「學習養生」呈顯著負相關。「正向老化」與「經濟健康」、「親友互動」、「學習養生」呈顯著正相關。「經濟健康」與「親友互動」、「學習養生」呈顯著正相關。「親友互動」與「學習養生」呈顯著正相關。三、正向老化為主要預測成功老化認知中的「經濟健康」、「親友互動」、「學習養生」三構面的主要因素，解釋量分別為59.4%、62.3%、59.2%。教育程度對成功老化的三個構面也有些微的解釋量，分別為1.1%、1.1%、1.4%。從研究的結果我們發現，運動參與程度與負向老化態度呈顯著負相關，但對於成功老化卻無顯著的預測能力，正向老化態度才是主要能預測成功老化的關鍵因素，因此建議文健站的相關工作人員，將運動變得有意義，藉由運動為媒介，培養正向老化的態度，讓高齡者的生活中有運動，進而提升高齡者的正向老化態度、改變對於成功老化的認知，在這樣的良性循環當中，高齡者才能達到真正的成功老化目標。

關鍵字

臺東地區高齡者 ； 正向老化 ； 負向老化 ； 務農者

並列摘要

This study analyzed the relationship between the degree of sport participation, aging attitudes and successful aging cognition of residents of cultural health station. This study used a questionnaire survey. The participants were 216 who live in Taitung area. SPSS for Windows 24.0 statistical analysis software was used for data analysis. The main findings of the study were as follows: 1. Female's cognition of "negative aging" was significantly higher than that of male. The group of educational levels of below elementary school was significantly higher than the group of graduated from elementary school in the "learning and maintaining health". The main occupations before retirement, non-farmers were significantly higher in "exercise duration" than farmers. In terms of "economic health", " relatives and friends interaction", and "learning to maintain health", farmers was significantly higher than non-farmers. 2. Actual age was significantly negatively correlated with "positive aging" and " relatives and friends interaction". Educational level was significantly negatively correlated with "economic health", " relatives and friends interaction", and "learning to maintain health". There was a significant negative correlation between exercise intensity, the degree of sport participation and "negative aging". Negative aging was significantly negatively correlated with "positive aging", "economic health", "relatives and friends interaction", and "learning to maintain health". Positive aging was significantly and positively correlated with "economic health", "relatives and friends interaction", and "learning to maintain health". Economic health was a significantly positively correlated with "relatives and friends interaction" and "learning to maintain health". "Relatives and friends interaction" was a significantly positively correlated with "learning and maintaining health". 3. Positive aging has a relatively high amount of explanations for "economic health", "relatives and friends interaction", and "learning and maintaining health" in successful aging cognition, which were respectively 59.4%, 62.3%, and 59.2%. Education level has a relatively slightly amount of explanations for the three dimensions of successful aging, which were respectively 1.1%, 1.1%, and 1.4%. From the results of the study, we found that the degree of sport participation was significantly negatively correlated with negative aging attitude, but it wasn’t significantly predictive ability for successful aging. Positive aging attitude was the key factor that can predictive successful aging. Therefore, it was recommended for the cultural health station relevant staff that making exercise meaningful and use exercise as a medium to cultivate a positive aging attitude. So that, the elderly can take exercise in their lives, thereby enhancing their positive aging attitude and changing their perception of successful aging. In such a virtuous cycle, the elderly can achieve the real goal of successful aging.

並列關鍵字

elderly in Taitung area ； positive aging ； negative aging ； farmers

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