The work of compiling medical books by the government in Song dynasty plays a critical role in Chinese medical history. A lot of medical classics which we read today have gone through the process of proofreading by the government in Song dynasty, and some important herb, formula, and acupuncture literatures are also compiled by them. The achievement of Song dynasty is really outstanding no matter in amount or quality. The research discusses the work of compiling medical books by the government in Song dynasty, central and local governments are inclusive. The outcome of this research shows that the amount of all the results is thirty in total. Herb and formula books are the main results in the beginning of Song dynasty, and medical classics are largely corrected while Proofreading Medical Books Bureau exists. There is rich achievement in North Song dynasty. However, the achievement of South Song dynasty is poor; in general, they just modify the results of North Song dynasty. In addition, the emperor directs the compiling work in North Song dynasty whereas more people actively proofread medical literature in South Song dynasty.