Structure and Order: Changing Roles of Museum Management

結構與次序：博物館管理角色的轉變

蓋瑞．艾德森(Gary Edson)

《科技博物》 17卷2期 (2013/06) Pp. 7-21

摘要

論及博物館與非營利機構角色的轉變，需要詳加檢視機構管理的結構與次序。情況之所變得複雜化，與許多政府與長期提供經費贊助的機構，在財政上的重新分配有關。面對博物館和文化遺產社群角色轉變，政府以推動「整併」和「制度化」的概念來擴大社會價值，但同時卻降低財務補助的承諾。但這樣的方式往往對博物館專業實踐的理想帶來不良影響，甚至反效果。本文探討不同國家的博物館財務狀況（包括臺灣），並提出造成文化機構結構與次序調整的原因和結果。作者指出一些博物館面臨非營利與營利要素的「文化環境」時，所面臨的議題。機構認同、領導統御、規畫與專業特質不僅被視為維繫文化資產機構完整性的影響因素，同時也決定了這些機構未來在社會政治次序調整下的角色與結構。本文提倡在面對21世紀變遷不斷的環境下，博物館的專業特質與社會責任需要提升，以強化博物館身為「文化價值守護者」的本質。

關鍵字

博物館 ； 管理 ； 領導統御 ； 文化資產 ； 非營利

並列摘要

The changing roles of museum and other not-for-profit organizations requires a careful review of the structure and order of institutional management. This situation is made complex by the fiscal realignment of many governments and traditional funding agencies. To address the changing roles of the museum and heritage communities, governments are promoting the concepts of consolidation and regulation to maximize social value while reducing financial commitment. This approach is often counterproductive and detrimental to the ideals of professional practice. This paper considers the financial status of museums in different countries, as well as Taiwan, and addresses both the causes and consequences of the modified structure and order of heritage institutions. The author identifies issues to be considered as museums are faced with incorporation into a ”cultural environment” that includes not-for-profit and for-profit elements. Institutional identity, leadership, planning, and professionalism are considered influential factors in maintaining not only the integrity of the heritage institution, but as elements that will determine the structure and role of those organizations in the socio-political order of the future. The paper advocates reinforcing the museum's identity as ”safe-keeper” of cultural values in the changing environment of the twenty-first century by promoting professionalism and social responsibility.

並列關鍵字

museum ； management ； leadership ； heritage ； not-for-profit