國內博物館兒童觀衆參觀經驗的研究與啟示

博物館發展至今，教育功能已被視為是博物館功能不可忽視的一環。近十年來，國內博物館受國外發展趨勢影響，以兒童觀眾為主的展覽和學習空間越來越多；因此，兒童觀眾的參觀經驗與行為以及學習成效，在博物館觀眾研究中也逐漸受到關注。本文旨在探討國內以「兒童觀眾」為對象的參觀經驗實證研究情況，期能提供博物館界實務推展與後續研究之參考。本文歸納九篇國內兒童觀眾參觀經驗的研究，依據論文的名稱中關於「參觀經驗」與「學習成效」歸納成兩類，並從研究議題、研究對象、研究方法、研究結果等四個面向進行分析探討。歸納結果發現，在研究議題方面，學習成效的研究面向多半還是著重在兒童對展示內容知識層面的理解，探討情意、技能的層面並不多，研究場域則是偏重在科學類的博物館，以藝術歷史類的博物館研究數量還是比較少。在研究對象方面，多數選擇國小中高年級的兒童。在研究方法方面，多數仍選擇以單一量化或質化的研究方法進行資料蒐集。在研究結果方面，可以清楚的知道兒童多樣化的參觀與展示品的互動行為；同時，不同背景的兒童參觀經驗和學習成效會有所差異，展示類型也會影響兒童的經驗與學習成效。

關鍵字

博物館經驗；觀眾研究；兒童觀眾；學習成效

並列摘要

Recent developments show the educational function of museums is regarded as an indispensable part of museum functions. In the last decade, domestic museums have been influenced by global trends, and there are more and more exhibitions and learning spaces with children as their main visitors. Therefore, children's visitor experience, behaviors and learning effectiveness have also gradually attracted attention in museum visitor studies. The purpose of this article is to explore the empirical research on the domestic visiting experience of children visitors, with the intention to provide a reference for practical promotion and follow-up research of the museum. This article summarizes nine studies on domestic children's visitor experience, based on the paper about visitor experience and learning effectiveness. It is analyzed and discussed from four aspects: topics, objects, methods, and results. The summary found that in terms of research fields of learning effectiveness, most of it is focused on children's understanding of displayed content, without many levels of emotion or skills. The research field is still focused on science museums. The number of historical and art museum studies is still relatively small. In terms of test subjects, most of the researchers chose children with high grades in elementary and middle school. As far as research methods, most chose to use a single quantitative or qualitative research method for data collection. As for results, we can clearly see the interaction of children's diverse behaviors when visiting exhibits. At the same time, children of different backgrounds, interacting with various types of displays will have different experiences and learning effectiveness.

並列關鍵字

museum experience ； visitor study ； children visitor ； learning outcomes

參考文獻

Brown, S. (2007). A critique of generic learning outcomes. Journal of Learning Design, 2(2), 22-30. doi:10.5204/jld.v2i2.37

Paker, J., & Ballantyne, R. (2016). Conceptualizing the visitor experience: A review of literature and development of a multifaceted model. Visitor Studies, 19(2), 128-143. doi:10.1080/10645578.2016.1144023

王啟祥（2008）。博物館觀眾學習成果與影響研究的發展與啟示。博物館學季刊，22（4），91-107。