台灣基督教創新喪葬儀式之研究－以客家教會「創新喪禮」為例

The Research of Taiwanese Renewed Funeral-For the Example of Hakka Church's Three Ceremonies of Memory

蔡維民(Wei-Min Tsai)

《新世紀宗教研究》 8卷3期 (2010/03) Pp. 51-94

摘要

祭祖與喪禮是漢人連結生人與死者的倫理行為，它同時反映了漢人的永生觀。無論與死者生前的關係如何，對於喪禮都盡可能合乎禮數，所謂「人無禮不生、事無禮不成」。而台灣基督徒也多少都受到這樣的價值觀影響。就基督教相關儀式來看，喪葬告別禮拜可能是最多非基督徒參加的一種聚會儀式；教會也常常宣稱，喪禮往往是最佳的宣教時機。但長久以來，傳統基督教喪禮都無法有大的突破，能在儀式內容中涵蓋台灣人對生死的關懷。台灣基督教長老教會的研究發展中心，在1999年開始推動的「跨文化宣教事工」中便出現了客家教會「追思三禮」的雛形，經過近十年的發展，終於在客家地區發展成熟，被廣泛接受，同時也期待推展到一般福佬的教會。本文將從文化對話、宣教策略以及聖經詮釋等三個面向對「追思三禮」進行分析與反省，再從儀式功能之角度思考追思三禮的意義與貢獻。

關鍵字

追思三禮 ； 獻花禮 ； 倒水禮 ； 點燭禮 ； 客家教會 ； 宣教策略

並列摘要

Worshiping ancestor and holding a funeral are moral behaviors to connect the living and the dead for Han people. It also reflects Han people's ideas of eternal life. People hold funerals in proper manners no matter how bad they interact with the dead when he or she is alive. It is so-called ”Man can't live without politeness and things can't be done without politeness”. Taiwan Christians are influenced by this value. In Christian ceremonies, farewell worship of funerals might be the ceremony that most non-Christians attend. The church often declares that funerals are perfect timing of preaching. However, Christian traditional funerals can not break through to convey Taiwanese concern of live and death in ceremonies. According to the research and development center of Taiwanese Presbyterian church, the model of the memorial three ceremonies in Hakka churches has shown in the ”cross-cultural preaching missions” in 1999. For the past decade, it finally matured and accepted in the area of Hakka, and at the meantime, looked forward to be accepted by Fu-jiang churches. This text analyzes and reflects ”the memorial three ceremonies” in cultural dialogues, preaching policies and hermeneutic, and it further explores the meanings and contributions of three ceremonies in its ceremonial functions.

並列關鍵字

The Memorial Three Ceremonies ； the Ceremony of Giving Flowers ； the Ceremony of Watering ； the Ceremony of Lighting the Light ； Hakka Churches ； the Policies of Preaching

參考文獻

王瑞珍(2000)。第三隻眼看祭祖。台北:校園。

王振寰主編(2002)。台灣社會。台北:巨流。

台南神學院雙連研究中心編(2008)。創新追思及喪禮研習會研習手冊。台南:台南神學院。

台灣聖公會編(1992)。龐故主教德明紀念講座。台北:聖公會三一神學中心。

台灣基督長老教會信仰與教制委員會編(2001)。教會禮拜與聖禮典。台南:人光。