As a literary heritage of the Republic of China which should jump out the cocoon of mere political definition, the concept of literature during the period of the Republic of China has been introduced to find a new connection in favor of modern literature of cross-strait and the world Chinese literature research, and to excavate the more profound spiritual values during this period. Common attention to be paid to the literature from 1912 to 1949 of the Republic of China is the need, not only to rationally tease out the tradition of the modern Chinese literature, but to explore the memes, the national and cultural gene of Taiwan literature. For both sides of the Taiwan straits, the literature of the Republic of China has recorded the common historical destiny which is the spiritual foundation of the mutual contemplation and communication.