建造社會主義烏托邦：從《三里灣》、《山鄉巨變》、《創業史》看中國五○年代「農業合作化運動」小說的結構模式及風格差異

在毛澤東的中國革命思考中，土地與農民問題始終是論述的核心。中共建國之後，毛澤東提出從「新民主主義」進入「社會主義」的建國歷史進程，在農村展開「農業合作化運動」，逐步完成「廢除土地私有制」、「農業集體化」的社會主義國家目標。儘管歷史最後證明「農業集體化」路線的失敗，但不可諱言，毛澤東所設想規劃的社會主義國家遠景在當時激起知識份子和一般群眾充滿激情的，光明而美好的想像。也因此，五○年代中期開始出現以「農村合作化運動」為題材的小說。在許多「農村合作化運動」題材的小說中，個人以為趙樹理的《三里灣》、周立波的《山鄉巨變》和柳青的《創業史》三部長篇小說是其中最具有代表性的作品。這三部作品遵循毛澤東的思想及國家政策，建構了「農村合作化運動」題材小說的結構模式，但由於作家養成背景及身份的差異，這三部作品在書寫特色上又各有偏重。因此，本論文將以這三部長篇小說為討論核心，論析作家建造社會主義烏托邦的發展歷程。

關鍵字

農業合作化小說；社會主義烏托邦；《三里灣》；《山鄉巨變》；《創業史》

並列摘要

To Mao Zedong, the issues of land and peasantry were always at the core of his thinking regarding revolution in China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Mao Zedong proposed the agenda to progress from the New Democracy into Socialism, and launched the Agricultural Cooperative Movement in rural areas in order to gradually reach the socialist goals of ＂abolishing private land ownership and collectivizing agriculture＂. Even though, as the history unfolded, the collectivization of agriculture was proven to be a failure, it was undeniable that the socialist country Mao Zedong planned for painted a fervor and bright future for the intellects as well as the ordinary people. As a result, novels centering on the Agricultural Cooperative Movement began to emerge during the mid-1950s. The author considered the three novels, The Village of Sanliwan by Shu-li Zhao, Radical Change in the Mountain Village by Li-bo Zhou and The Beginning by Qing Liu, as the masterpieces of them all. All three books followed Mao Zedong's philosophy and national policy, and constructed the structural model for novels related to the Agricultural Cooperative Movement. Yet, due to differences in the writers' training and background, the three novels varied in their emphasis. Therefore, this research would focus on the analysis of these three novels and discuss how the writers constructed a socialist utopia.