自1980年代農村基層民主在中國大陸開展以來,許多學者相繼投入此課題的研究,探索經濟發展對農村基層民主運作的影響,更是許多學者所採取的研究途徑,依循此途徑的若干研究中,多以經濟發達的東部沿海省份的農村為研究標的,對經濟較落後的西部內陸農村的則付之闕如。近年來,隨著扶貧政策在中國西部內陸省份的實行,西部農村的經濟快速增長,筆者遂以實施扶貧政策為主要農村政策的雲南省為標的,探討扶貧政策下農村經濟的成長,對基層民主運作的影響。 本論文以現代化理論及東部省份的農村政經研究成果為基礎,提出扶貧政策有助於農村經濟發展,進而深化基層民主並解決其政治運作中宗族勢力坐大、年輕人口流失之問題的假設,且建立若干政治、經濟探測指標,以文獻分析、深度訪談等方式論證研究假設的正確性,並透過雲南省與東部沿海三省之農村政經發展經驗的比較,歸納中國農村基層民主的發展脈絡與特色。 研究的實證結果顯示,雲南省扶貧政策的制定與實行存在一定落差,但扶貧政策的實行的確有助於農村公私財富的增加,並藉由經濟利益的分配提高農民對村民委員會和農村公共事務的參與度,進而改善年輕人口外流的問題,而宗族勢力坐大的問題在雲南省則不存在;另一方面,村民委員會與鄉鎮政府、黨部的關係,亦反向影響農村的經濟發展。
Since the 1980s, the rural grassroots democracy has begun to implement in China, and many scholars have put the research on this topic. Investigating the impact of economy development on the running of rural grassroots democracy has become the research approach taken by many scholars, while taking the economically developed rural areas of eastern provinces as the research target but the economically backward rural areas of western. In recent years, with the implementation of antipoverty-stricken policies in western inland provinces of China, there is rapid economy growth in western rural areas. Therefore, the author take the case of Yunnan province that implement antipoverty-stricken policies as main rural policies as the research target, probing the impact of rural economic growth led by antipoverty-stricken policies on the operation of rural grassroots democracy. This thesis based on the modernization theory and the political and economy research in rural areas of eastern provinces to make the assumption that antipoverty stricken policies improve the rural economy, and predicting that the problem of expanding clan force and the outflow of young population can be solved. Furthermore, this thesis established a number of political and economic indicators, and taking the methods of literature review and in-depth interview to prove the correctness of the assumption. In addition, by comparing the rural development between Yunnan, Fujian, Jiangsu and Zhejiang summarize the characteristic of rural grassroots democracy in China. The research results show that is a big gap between formulation and implementation of the Yunnan’s antipoverty-stricken policies, but the implementation of antipoverty policies actually improve the rural economy. Hence, the distribution of economic interest increases the villagers’ participation in villagers committee and public affairs, thereby improving the problem of outflow of young people. There is no problem of expanding clan force in Yunnan. On the other side, good relation among villagers committee, township government and communist party or not may also affect the development of rural economy.