台灣農業政策對農地利用之影響

The Impact of Agricultural Policies on the Utilization of Agricultural Land in Taiwan

吳功顯(Kung-Hsien Wu)

《華岡農科學報》 19期 (2007/06) Pp. 45-66

https://doi.org/10.29985/HKJA.200706.0004

摘要

農業土地利用受自然條件及農業政策影響甚深。台灣經驗提供了明確佐證。在人多地少、糧食不足情況下，乃採取盡可能開發土地爲農田及勞力集約使用達複種指數高的方式。又「唯米是糧」下，稻作面積占極大比例。隨經濟結構改變及外貿導向，農業生產趨於多元化及專業區方式，以提高經營效率並謀求供需間之平衡，農、漁、牧成三足鼎立局面。農業勞力外移，經營實施農業機械化及長期果樹之栽培以平衡勞力之年度內時間分配。果樹及蔬菜面積之增減受自由化政策所左右。都會化更使農地移出爲住家及交通建設之用。縱然農地面積維持相當穩定但品質變劣，水田面積減少旱田增加及森林用地精準測出，農畜產值以倍數增加成績亮麗。農業用地符合保育利用及生態環境之永續利用趨勢。但有些農地減少，由於校正尚無定論，而遭受埋沒及流失則需要進一步的研究。

關鍵字

農地利用 ； 農業政策 ； 農地移轉 ； 永續保育利用 ； 農地品質

並列摘要

Agricultural land utilization is mainly influenced by natural conditions and agricultural policies. And the Taiwan experience evidenced it. Under the conditions of high man-land ratio, and shortage of food (i.e. rice), strategies for developing agricultural land, adopting labor-intensive measures to raise the multiple-cropping index, and increasing the planting areas of rice were adopted. Along with the change of economic structure, export-oriented international trade, and adjustment within agricultural sector, agricultural production has been operated toward diversification and regional specialization in order to raise efficiency, and to balance supply demand conditions, resulting in balanced shares among agriculture, fishery and livestock. Due to the out-migration of agricultural labor, farm mechanization and long-term orchard growing have been implemented, the labor force has been evenly distributed in the year. Land areas used for planting fruits and vegetables has been influenced by free trade policy. Urbanization induced the transfer of farm land use to transportation and residential uses. Although areas for agricultural use remain rather unchanged with the quality of land down-graded, paddy field reduced, dry land increased, the value of production increased many times, a remarkable achievement. The utilization of agricultural land has been in accordance with conservation and ecological environment to cope with the trend of sustainable utilization. However, some reduction of farm land areas due to surveying adjustment and land revised, and by flood damage deserves further studies.

並列關鍵字

land utilization ； conservation ； land transfer ； and agricultural policy