我國農地利用趨勢與影響因素之研究

A Study on the Trend of Farmland Utilization and its Influential Factors in Taiwan

賴玲慧(Ling-Hui Lai)

指導教授 ： 王親仁

國立臺中科技大學/商管學群/事業經營研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6826/NUTC.2009.00006

摘要

農地乃農業生產之基礎，農地政策之良拙影響農地合理使用與農業的發展。農地利用則受氣候條件等自然因素，以及土地特性、機耕程度、農業收益、賦稅制度等社會經濟因素影響甚大。由於自然因素多屬人力不可控制，所以社會經濟因素的控制與管理，成為農地利用與管理相關政策之主要方向與重點。
本研究首先探討我國農地利用管理及賦稅制度規定，並針對臺灣地區21縣市農地利用現況與相關社會經濟因素進行比較分析，以了解我國農地利用之長期趨勢與變遷情形。同時以各縣市作物複種指數為指標，將1981年至2007年資料區分為農業發展條例修正前（1981年至1999年）及農業發展條例修正後（2000年至2007年），分析這些因素之相關性及影響程度，並以合併期間（1981年至2007年）比較分析修法前後農地利用情形，期能找出重要影響因素，以利政府施政與補助機制推動之參考。
實證結果顯示，農業發展條例修正前有顯著影響的變數為耕地產值、課徵田賦賦額、農機具數量、耕地面積、農家所得、人口密度、及農牧業就業人口，其聯合解釋能力達76.9％；農業發展條例修正後則有耕地產值、人口密度、農牧業就業人口、專業農戶、農機具數量、及耕地面積等變數具有顯著影響力，聯合解釋能力達84.9％；合併期間資料實證結果顯示課徵田賦賦額、耕地產值、農機具數量、田賦面積、農牧業就業人口、專業農戶及人口密度等7項變數具有顯著影響力，聯合解釋能力達85.8％。
經綜合分析，影響農地利用之重要社會經濟因素包括耕地產值、課徵田賦賦額、農業就業人口以及人口密度。故建議應朝精緻農業發展，創新改良品種，採行以合作代替競爭的藍海策略，提升農業產值，助益農民收益；並應積極招募與吸引社會青年投入農業生產行列，使農業生產活化；同時，適當課徵農地稅賦可促進農地合理利用。

關鍵字

作物複種指數 ； 相關分析 ； 逐步迴歸分析

並列摘要

The farmland is foundation of the agricultural production, the farmland policy will affect the farmland reasonable use and agricultural industry development. The use of farmland will affected by natural condition, social economy factor land characteristic, tractor-plowing degree, agricultural income, and payment of taxes system. Because the natural factor is uncontrollable, social economy factor control and management becomes the main direction and key of our country farmland use policy.
This study will introduce our farmland use management and taxes system, then comparatively analyzes current situation of farmland utilization and related social economy factor for understanding the long-term trend and the vicissitude situation of farmland use. Meanwhile we choose Multiple Cropping Index as the dependent variable, then divide the date into before the Agricultural Development Rules amendment (from 1981 to 1999) and after the Agricultural Development Rules amendment (from 2000 to 2007), to analyze farmland use situation, in order to help government administration and reference of the subsidy mechanism impetus.
Before the Act amendment, the study shows the remarkable influence independent variable are the value of farm production, agricultural land tax, the number of farm machine, the farm family cultivated area, the farm family income, the population density, and the number of farming employment, and total explanatory ability of regression model is 76.9%. After the Act amendment, the value of farm production, the population density, the number of farming employment, the full-time farm household, the number of farm machine, and the farm family cultivated area are the remarkable influence of farmland utilization, and the explanatory ability of the mocel is 84.9%. However, the empirical study of using panel data of 1981-2007 shows the remarkable influence factor are also agricultural land tax, the value of farm production, the number of farm machine, the agricultural land tax area, the number of farming employment, the full-time farm household and the population density, and the explanatory ability of the model is 85.8%.
As the general rule, the value of farm production, agricultural land tax, the number of farming employment, as well as the population density are the most important factor affecting the farmland utilization. Therefore this study suggests the intensive agriculture development, the innovation improved variety, and cooperative Blue Ocean Strategy, will be the usefull policy for increasing farmer income. Furthermore, aggressively recruiting the agricultural new armed forces and attracting the youth public figure to join the agriculture, activation are the crucial tack. At the same time, agricultural land tax has really helps reasonable utilization of farmland.

並列關鍵字

Multiple Cropping Index ； Correlation Analysis ； Stepwise Regression Analysis

參考文獻

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