黑冠麻鷺在台北都會林繁殖的生態特性

Ecological Characteristics of Malayan Night Heron (Gorsachius melanolophus) and Its Reproductivity Between Urban Forest and Communal Forest of Taipei, Taiwan

胡正恆(Hu, Cheng-Heng)

《華岡農科學報》 47期 (2021/06) Pp. 1-14

摘要

人類世的森林生態系已然包括人類社區與其共伴生物、野生動物、以及從城市到郊區間的各種樹木鑲嵌。本研究探討黑冠麻鷺（Gorsachius melanolophus）在都會林到社區林的繁殖特性與生態適應。運用2017～2019年觀察繁殖現場，於台北市、新北市周邊共紀錄74處巢位，登載於eBird：分別為都會林內發現51巢，主要位於市區的各種公園與學校等；對照市郊的社區林只發現23巢，包含山地丘陵地帶的陽明山等。都會林巢下平均相對破空光度為14.16±5.26%（n=51），亦即林下空域中約有14%為透光、86%是樹冠遮陰；這些較陰暗的巢位常被發現在歷史悠久的社區公園內，屬低掠食者壓力；市郊社區林則顯然為較明亮的棲地，光度高達19.49±12.07%（n=23），常與道路切穿森林、或曝曬農地的開發方式有關。而黑冠麻鷺有69%（51／74）族群居住於高遮蔽的都會林，利於搜食森林底層的蚯蚓資源；雖然都會區的里平均人口密度高達7102人／km^2，是市郊社區林（2456人／km^2）的2.9倍，但黑冠麻鷺顯然習慣化人為干擾，能擁擠地適應於都會林，即便每組鳥／家庭只能佔到甚小的林下領域，它們彼此巢域間甚至相接不過上百公尺而已。考量黑冠麻鷺仰賴人造都會地景的鑲嵌多樣性，適應稠密的人類土地利用，創造出領先於其他競爭者的獨特棲位。期盼尊重黑冠麻鷺與其他野地生命的生態適應過程，以嶄新人類世的和解生態觀維持自然功能永續。

關鍵字

黑冠麻鷺（Gorsachius melanolophus） ； 都會林 ； 社區林 ； 樹冠相對光度 ； 人類世生態系

並列摘要

The forested ecosystem of the Anthropocene already includes human green space, wildlife, and various tree mosaics from urban to rural regions. This study explored the reproductive characteristics and ecological adaptation of Malayan night heron (Gorsachius melanolophus). Using the observation of breeding sites in Taipei City and New Taipei City from 2017 to 2019, a total of 74 nests were recorded. Totally, fifty one nests were created in urban forests, mainly located in parks and schools; Only 23 nests were found in the rural communal forest, including the Yangmingshan area. The average of relative openness under the urban nests is 14.16 ±5.26% (n=51), that is, about 86% is shaded by the canopy with a lower predator pressure; while rural forests are; while brighter habitats with an openness of 19.49 ±12.07% (n=23). The 69% (51/74) of Malayan night heron nested in highly crowded urban forests, which may be related to the earthworm resources. Although the average human population density of the urban forest is as high as 7102 people/km^2, about 2.9 times of rural forest (2456 people/km^2). The heron is obviously accustomed to human interference and can adapt to the over-crowded urban forest, even if each group of bird family can only occupy a very limited ground under the forest. Considering that the heron relies on the mosaic diversity of the semi-nature landscape, the urban forest is a unique space that other competitors may not be able to reproduce. Species of Anthropocene maintains the sustainability of natural functioning, and invite a new conservation concept under the framework of adaptive management.

並列關鍵字

Malayan Night Heron (Gorsachius melanolophus) ； Urban Forest ； Communal Forest ； Canopy Openness ； Human of Anthropocene