利用衛星定位分析台灣度冬黑面琵鷺棲地使用之情形

Study of Habitat of Black-faced Spoonbills(platalea minor) Wintering in Taiwan with Platform Transmitter Terminal

葉垚淼(Yeh Yao-miao)

指導教授 ： 王穎 ； 徐堉峰

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/生命科學系/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202202808

摘要

野生動物會選擇最適合的棲地以提高適存度(fitness)，不同的物種所偏好的棲地不同，探討物種的棲地選擇除增進對該物種生活史的了解外，也對物種的保育及經營管理有所幫助。許多因子會影響動物的棲地選擇，例如植被構造、食物資源的可利用性與天敵捕食風險都會影響鳥類的棲地選擇。此外，人為干擾也會使鳥類變換棲地。黑面琵鷺(Platalea minor)是一種在台灣度冬的水鳥，其族群在台灣停棲利用的區域多屬人工營造的溼地，人為活動十分頻繁。探討這些人為活動是否會影響黑面琵鷺棲地的選擇，對於其棲地的經營管理是十分重要的議題。本研究假設在台灣度冬的黑面琵鷺會遠離人為活動，因此會選擇人類難以接近或發現的棲地。利用衛星發報器找出來台度冬黑面琵鷺實際使用的棲地，記錄這些棲地水體面積、棲地離最近道路的距離、封閉程度與植被遮蔽程度，分析上述四種因子與棲地使用頻度間的關係。結果顯示棲地水體面積對於棲地使用頻度的影響最大，水體面積越大則棲地使用頻度也越高。另外分析黑面琵鷺在台度冬棲地日夜間使用上的差異，結果顯示夜間棲地的利用跟上述四種因子較無關聯，指出日夜間偏好的棲地有所差異。

關鍵字

黑面琵鷺 ； 棲地利用 ； 夜間棲地 ； 人為活動

並列摘要

Wildlife will choose the most suitable habitat in order to increase its fitness. However, habitat preference among different species may vary. Explore the habitats of species alternative to enhance understanding of the life history of the species, but also for improving species conservation and management. There are many factors that can affect animal habitat selection, for example, vegetation structure, food resource availability and predation risk will affect the birds' habitat choice. Additionally, human disturbance also cause the habitat shift of birds. Black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) is a kind of waterfowl which stay in Taiwan all winter. It usually used man-made wetland where human activities were high. Do these human activities affect the black-faced spoonbill habitat choice is important to the conservation of the species. In this study, we hypothesize black-faced spoonbills wintering in Taiwan will stay away from human activities, and therefore choose habitats that people are usually hard to access and locate. We will use satellite transmitters to locate wintering habitats used by the birds and record four kinds of habitat character, including water area, distance from habitat to the nearest road, vegetation cover and degree of road accessibility. By analyzing above factors to learn the possible impact of human activity on the habitat selection of black-faced spoonbill.

並列關鍵字

Black-faced spoonbill ； habitat use ； night habitat ； human activity

參考文獻

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