全球化與制度同形化：從拼音爭議看台灣“國族問題”的後現代情境

Globalization and Institutional Isomorphism: Examining the Postmodern Condition of Taiwan's National Question in the Debate over the Romanization Policy of Chinese Characters

汪宏倫(Horng-Luen Wang)

《政治與社會哲學評論》 3期 (2002/12) Pp. 121-178

https://doi.org/10.6523/168451532002120003003

摘要

本文對台灣近年來的拼音爭議，進行「再描述」的工作，並據此探討「國族問題」的後現代情境。本文首先對「漢字羅馬化」的過程，進行簡要的系譜學勾勒，繼而由全球化與制度同形化的角度，探討《漢語拼音方案》作為「國際標準」背後所隱含的權力作用。《漢語拼音方案》既是制度同形化的結果，也是制度同形化的來源；在這雙重的制度同形化過程中，中國大陸一方面接受了西方的文化領導權，以拉丁字母作為漢字拼音的制度管道，一方面又挪用了拉丁字母「據為己有」，獲得了自我充權。相對地，台灣的拼音爭議，具體而微反映出「國族問題」的困境，夾處在「國族現實」的制度縫隙中，進退維谷、難以動彈。本文的制度分析，一方面解構了「國際接軌」的「共識」，同時也突顯「爭議」當中的若干盲點。最後，本文嘗試從後現代與Richard Rorty的反諷主義理論，探討「國族問題」的可能出路。

關鍵字

漢語拼音／通用拼音 ； 漢字羅馬化的系譜學 ； 文化與語言的政治 ； 國族現實 ； 中界狀態 ； 反諷主義理論

並列摘要

This paper examines the postmodern condition of Taiwan's national question by providing a ”re-description” of the recent debate over the Romanization policy of Chinese characters. After a brief genealogy of different Romanization systems, this paper examines power relationships behind the Hanyu pinyin fang 'an as an ”international standard” against the backdrop of globalization and institutional isomorphism. On the one hand, the Hanyu pinyin fang 'an was created as a result of institutional isomorphism originated from the Latin alphabets; on the other hand, the Hanyu pinyin fang 'an has itself become an originator of institutional isomorphism. Through this double process of institutional isomorphism, the PRC has given way to Western ”cultural hegemony” by adopting the Latin alphabets as its phonetic signs for translingual communications; nonetheless, it has also obtained self-empowerment by appropriating the Latin alphabets and turning the Hanyu pinyin fang 'an into an international standard. In contrast, Taiwan's Romanization policy, which acutely reflects the predicament of its ”national question,” has been caught in the interstices of institutions in what the author calls ”nationalist reality,” which, in turn, has led to a ”to-be-or-not-to-be” dilemma. By debunking the ”common ground” of so-called ”international connections,” the paper exposes the absurdity of the entire debate. Towards the end, the paper explores possible ways out by drawing on postmodern as well as Richard Rorty's ironist theories.

並列關鍵字

Hanyu pinyin/Tongyong pinyin ； genealogy of Romanization systems ； politics of culture and language ； nationalist reality ； liminality ； ironist theories

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