從合法性、平等到人性尊嚴：論德沃金法哲學的道德基礎

From Legality, Equality to Human Dignity: On the Moral Foundation of Ronald Dworkin's Legal Philosophy

莊世同(Shih-Tung Chuang)

《政治與社會哲學評論》 43期 (2012/12) Pp. 1-35

https://doi.org/10.6523/168451532012120043001

摘要

本文以德沃金晚近的法哲學理論為研究對象，嘗試對其理論的道德基礎，即從合法性、平等到人性尊嚴三個政治道德價值，進行分析考察與檢討反省。第二節介紹德沃金近來對法律的概念提出的類型區分，分析合法性價值作為法律之重要政治道德價值的理論意涵；第三節考察德沃金合法性價值觀的實質內涵，即整全性（integrity）與平等（equality）的政治道德價值；第四節進一步探討，德沃金以合法性、整全性及平等作為其法哲學理論的道德基礎，實際上是立基於一個更根本、但也饒富爭議的論述上，亦即他對於「人性尊嚴原則」的論述；第五節審視人性尊嚴原則在德沃金法哲學理論的關鍵地位，並檢討該論述所衍生出來的關於人是否有內在客觀價值的哲學爭議，同時提出一些初步的檢討與省思；最後，第六節除簡要總結本文論點外，也將概述德沃金對法律與道德之關係的最終看法。

關鍵字

德沃金 ； 法哲學 ； 法理論 ； 法律 ； 合法性 ； 整全性 ； 平等 ； 人性尊嚴 ； 內在價值

並列摘要

This essay attempts to explore and reflect the moral foundation of Ronald Dworkin's legal philosophy, that is, the political moral values from legality, equality to human dignity. Part 2 will introduce Dworkin's recent argument about different concepts of law and analyze the theoretical implication that treats legality as an important political moral value of law. Part 3 examines the substantive content of legality, i.e., the political moralities of integrity and equality. Part 4 argues that, the moral foundation of Dworkin's legal philosophy not only lies in the values of legality, integrity, and equality, it is also grounded on a more fundamental but controversial argument, namely, the argument about the principles of human dignity. Accordingly, Part 5 will further investigate the philosophical debate derived from the argument of human dignity. It is the debate about whether each person has an intrinsic value of life. Finally, Part 6 will briefly summarize the points of this essay and generally sketch Dworkin's concluding claim about the relation of law and morality.

並列關鍵字

Ronald Dworkin ； legal philosophy ； legal theory ； law ； legality ； integrity ； equality ； human dignity ； intrinsic value

參考文獻

Dworkin, Ronald(1978).Taking Rights Seriously.London:Duckworth.

Dworkin, Ronald(1986).Law's Empire.Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press.

Dworkin, Ronald(1993).Life's Dominion: An Argument about Abortion, Euthanasia, and Individual Freedom.London:Harper Collin.

Dworkin, Ronald(2006).Justice in Robes.Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Pres.

Dworkin, Ronald(2006).Is Democracy Possible Here? Principles for A New Political Debate.New Jersey:Princeton University Press.