公民身分社會學的理論企圖：規範性與經驗性研究的整合

The Theoretical Ambition of the Sociology of Citizenship: Integrating the Normative-Empirical Research

蔡博方(Po-Fang Tsai)

《政治與社會哲學評論》 51期 (2014/12) Pp. 43-91

https://doi.org/10.6523/168451532014120051002

摘要

在1980年代，英美社會學出現「公民身分」的復興趨勢，學者們嘗試修正T. H. Marshall所留下的研究典範。然而，在1990年代後期，研究者開始反思此一趨勢，以更具有理論企圖的視角看待公民身分社會學的知識旨趣。對此，本文討論三種新「公民身分社會學」的建構，它們分別以Thomas Janoski、Margaret Somers和Bryan Turner援引社會行動論、歷史知識論、身體社會學之理論基礎為代表。本文發現，三位學者的研究已經脫離「比較歷史研究取徑」框架，開始嘗試兼顧公民身分研究的規範性與經驗性兩種意涵。同時，本文也在概念重新定義、社會整體圖像的兩個面向上，說明三者研究中展現的社會理論意涵，進而討論社會學者如何重新開啟公民身分社會學與規範性論述之間的對話。

關鍵字

公民身分 ； 權利 ； 歷史知識論 ； 脆弱性 ； 規範性研究與經驗性研究

並列摘要

Since the 1980s, there has been a revival of citizenship studies in American and British sociology, in which scholars' efforts mainly aiming at T. H. Marshall's legacy. However, sociologists of citizenship rethinking this academic trend since the late 1990s attempt to enhance their theoretical implications and specify the sociological interests. The paper examines this ＂new sociology of citizenship＂ by introducing the recent works of Thomas Janoski, Margaret Somers, and Bryan Turner. Janoski's introduction of the theoretical concept, social action, is crucial to his sociology of citizenship and rights, as well as Somers' historical epistemology and Turner's vulnerability theme to theirs. The main finding of this paper is that having departed from the comparative historical approach, these new sociologists of citizenship and rights endeavor to integrate the normative and the empirical research with their distinct ways and theoretical viewpoints. Moreover, the paper compares the theoretical ambitions in terms of key-concept redefining and its social mapping, and then analyses their significances to the link of citizenship studies and social theory. Based on the new sociology of citizenship, the conclusion section of the paper tries to rethink about the relationship between the normative and the empirical research.

並列關鍵字

citizenship ； rights ； historical epistemology ； vulnerability ； normative and empirical research

參考文獻

蔡英文 2005 〈公民身分的多重性及其民主政治的意涵〉，《政治與社會哲學評論》14，頁1 – 35。

Bell, Daniel. 1976 The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism. New York: Basic Books.

Bellamy, Richard. 2008 Citizenship: A Very Short Introduction.Oxford University Press.

Bendix, Reinhard. 1964 Nation-Building and Citizenship: Studies of Our Changing Social Order. Garden City, N. Y. Doubleday.

Bourdieu, Pierre, Jean-Claude Chamboredon and Jean-Claude Passeron. 1991 The Craft of Sociology: Epistemological Preliminaries.translated by Richard Nice. New York : Walter de Gruyter.