魯曼的「去人本主義化」轉向下之人文思考

The Consideration of Humanity under Luhmann's De-humanistic Shift

郁瑞麟(Ruei-Lin Yu)

《政治與社會哲學評論》 57期 (2016/06) Pp. 95-137

https://doi.org/10.6523/168451532016060057003

摘要

魯曼的系統理論，有別於傳統以「人」為主體的人本主義思想，將人解構成片段，甚至被歸為系統以外的環境部分，成為一種「去人本主義化」的理論。魯曼強調：「把人視為社會環境的一部分，而非系統；這不是代表人類相對於傳統的理論變得不重要了，如果有人如此認為，那他肯定是沒有瞭解系統理論典範轉移的真正意涵。」基此，本文嘗試從魯曼的系統理論中耙梳出相關描述，以理解此辯稱與其所造成的影響。本文認為，魯曼同時將人解構於系統內被使用的要素，與系統外的環境兩個部分；惟有後者方可對系統的演化產生影響。如此，不僅可將人從傳統人本思想的價值觀中解放，使社會自我指涉為社會；同時透過偶連性的特徵，也讓我們能重新面對現代社會的風險。

關鍵字

魯曼系統理論 ； 人本主義 ； 去人本主義化 ； 現代社會

並列摘要

In the highly complex and functionally differentiated modern society, Luhmann uses his systems theory to deconstruct human beings into pieces or some specific roles, but not a whole, in order to set his theory apart from classical humanism. Furthermore, human beings may belong to the part of the environment of society that makes Luhmann's systems theory a de-humanistic one. Luhmann declares his systems theory to be a paradigm change, and argues that ＂If one views human beings as part of the environment of society... it does not mean that the human being is estimated as less important than traditionally. Anyone who thinks so⋯has not understood the paradigm change in systems theory.＂ This article will not only sort out humanistic descriptions in Luhmann's theory but also discuss its influence on humanism. We argue that in Luhmann's theory, human beings are deconstructed into both systems and their environment, but only the latter could affect systems' evolution. With this de-humanistic paradigm change, Luhmann's theory not only frees human beings from irrational and immoral behaviors, but also provides a different awareness of the risks in modern society.

並列關鍵字

Luhmann's Systems Theory ； Humanism ； De-humanistic ； Modern Society

參考文獻

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