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論法律經濟分析之科學性

On the Scientific Nature of Law and Economics

摘要


法律經濟分析如今的蓬勃發展,可說歸功於其科學性之宣稱。前期的法律科學,例如普通法的藍德爾主義與大陸法的法教義學,是被其視為形式主義或概念法學,而不是科學。如今主流的法律經濟分析,是訴諸數理模型之建構以及計量統計之分析。但科學之意義,在於其可以經驗驗證,這表現在模型建構之時,即須將經驗考慮其中,而非以理所當然之前提(例如功用極大化或改進市場失靈等)去建構數理模型,然後再以可量化的資料去尋求因果關係或甚至只是相關性之展現。法律經濟分析的研究對象是法律─法律是經驗事實,經濟分析是方法─因此法律經濟分析之科學性,在其模型建構之時,即不可偏離法律之所以是法律的系統規範性,而不是其數理模型或統計分析。

並列摘要


The continuing success of economic analysis of law can be attributed to its claim of science. The former "legal science" such as Langdellism in common law or doctrinal study in continental law has been downgraded to formalism or conceptualism, and is thus not science. The current economic analysis of law has been based on mathematic models and statistical analysis. However, the usual separation of models and data from experience, i.e., the real legal rules and legal system, makes it pseudo science. Law has been seen as incentive to achieve policy goals such as maximizing social welfare or correcting market failures in mathematic models and statistical analysis. To be a real science, economic analysis of law should see law as contractual arrangements reducing the dissipation of rent in society. A consistent and coherent legal system would minimize the costs of delimiting rights.

參考文獻


Coase, Ronald H. 1959 “The Federal Communications Commission,” Journal of Law and Economics 2: 1-40
Coase, Ronald H.1960 “The Problem of Social Cost,” Journal of Law and Economics 3: 1-44
Coase, Ronald H.1988 The Firm, the Market, and the Law. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Epstein, Richard A. 1997 “A Clear View of The Cathedral: The Dominance of Property Rules,” Yale Law Journal 106: 2091-2120
Fletcher, George P. 1996 Basic Concepts of Legal Thoughts. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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