- 期刊
托育照顧政策中的國家角色
The Role of Taiwanese Government in the Child Care Policy
摘要
任何國家有關社會福利政策的訂定與執政黨規劃政策背後的意識形態有很大的關係，然而在臺灣長年國民黨的執政的過程中，專家、學者對於執政者意識形態的分析一向缺乏，尤其從女性主義或女性的觀點來討論的更少。近年來，最主要的著作首推女性學學會所著，劉毓秀所編的「臺灣婦女處境白皮書：1995年」（女性學學會，1995）。書中傅立葉分析國民黨執政期間擔任行政院的幾位院長在談話中皆顯示出傳統家庭主義的福利觀點。例如：郝柏村院長強調「三代同堂」，連戰院長強調建立「以家庭為中心的福利模式和體系」。這些以父權家庭為基礎所發展出的福利政策也明顯的影響到兒童福利政策的規劃。 故藉由對過去托育政策制定機制的內省與破解，新政府與婦運學者在「普及福利照顧」體系的基礎下，倡導「托育」等相關社區照顧福利政策，政府開始敏感到人民的需求，時時照顧人民，特別是致力於政策背後的兩性平權概念，尤其是中下階級女性的自主與平等。 在這種「媽媽國家」的框架下，國家介入托育政策的制定，兒童照顧得以進階到「公共問題」的領域。相對而言，這些政策的落實，雖然對社會發生持續陸的影響力，然而，在台灣「高度資本化」的脈絡下，仍充滿許多待解構和再建構的空間，也產生諸多有待思考與辯證的機會。
並列摘要
In any county the national social welfare policy is always closely related to the ideology of the incumbent party. For more than four decades, Taiwan was under the ruling of KMT, there were few scholars and specialists who thoroughly investigated the ideology behind the policy makings, especially from the point of view of feminist and gender equality. As late as mid 90s there were some critiques that touched the field, including Liu, Yu-xiu (1995) and Fu, Li-yeh. Based on the review and analysis of the child care policy in the past few decades, the new administration which came to power in 2000 with the help of feminist scholars advocated a new policy that emphasized on a community based welfare system. The new government sensed the constant need of the public, set a direction that focused on gender equal rights, in particular to meet the needs of middle and low-income families. Under the structure of central government, Taiwan government starts to intervene in the formation of childcare policy, and to guide the childcare issue into public forum. To implement the policy in a highly privatized economic society, it has caused some effect on the present social system. However, there are much wide space for restructuring and constructing early childhood care and education policy that has to be clarified and considered.