明代女教書與三言二拍所反映的女子學識教育觀異同檢討

明代自高祖皇帝朱元璋開國之後，便著手對千萬子民推動教育，除了廣設學校增加男子的受教機會外，對於女子亦有其教育主張，故令翰林學士修撰《女誡》以教後宮妃嬪。在上行下效的影響下，明代官修、私撰之女教書盛行於世，甚至流播海外，這些女教書除了持續宣揚中國女子傳統的三從四德的德性教育外，也討論到了對於女子接受學識教育的看法。而在官方、學者紛紛透過女教書的著述，發表著女子接受學識教育看法的同時，能夠反映中下層人民生活的話本小說─三言二拍中，也出現了一批女性人物，從另一個的角度反映著明代的女性教育問題，提供了明代女性學識教育問題更多的省察空間。

關鍵字

三言二拍；女子教育；明代教育

並列摘要

Since the founding emperor, Zhu Yuan Zhang (朱元璋), the Ming Dynasty proceeded to promote the education of millions of people. In addition to establishing more schools to increase opportunities for men to be educated, women's education also had its advocates; that is why the scholar's of Imperial Academy (翰林)composed ”Female Commandments” (”女誡”) to teach concubines in the harem. Under influence of the Ming Dynasty, official and private writings for female education became popular, even streaming overseas. In these books, women were taught to promote Chinese women's traditional ”San cong si de” (三從四德) of moral education. Meanwhile, these books discussed the view on women's acceptance of education.After studying these writings about feminine education, the officials and scholars published their view on women's acceptance of education. At the same time, a novel which can reflects the lower middle class people's lives-”San yan er bai” (”三言二拍”), had a number of female characters who contributed another view on female education in the Ming Dynasty. By combining the scholar's opinions and the novel, this provided an immense area for people to reflect upon the issue of women's education during the Ming Dynasty.