從戰略文化解析中共的軍事演習

Analyze Military Exercise of the People's Republic of China in the Viewpoint of Strategic Culture

王崑義(Kun-Yi Wang) ； 蔡裕明(Yu-Ming Cai)

《全球政治評論》 15期 (2006/07) Pp. 73-123

https://doi.org/10.29899/JRM.200607.0002

摘要

本文透過重新審視戰略文化的脈絡，用以探討中共的戰略文化之形成與轉變，並從中共軍事演習檢證其作戰方法與準則。本文以為，中共建構戰略文化的特點，主要包含數項幾個基本的思考要素：領導人的世界觀、領導人的戰爭觀與地緣戰略觀等。此三個基本的戰略思考，一直主導中共建政五十餘年來戰略文化之想定，也直接影響中共的戰略壁劃。而表現在軍事演習上，隨著國際環境之轉變，解放軍的軍事演習也以三種類型進行演練：單邊主義模式的軍事演習、雙邊主義模式的軍事演習以及多邊主義模式的軍事演習。本文最後指出，雖然中共對軍事演習進行各種不同類型的轉變，也意圖以聯合軍演實現其軍事外交的功能，達到「和平發展」目的，但因中共的戰略文化所內涵的世界觀、戰爭觀和地緣戰略觀一直具有擴張性質的主觀意識，所以要客觀性的讓人接受中共所舉行的軍事演習是為了追求和平，恐僅為口號，並無法實質成為國際的理念。

關鍵字

戰略文化 ； 軍事演習 ； 聯合軍演 ； 和平發展

並列摘要

This article deals with the forming and change of the PRC's strategic culture through surveying the skeleton of strategic culture, and evaluates the military exercises of the PRC in order to help readers to understand its methods and principles of fighting. In this article the authors use several points for constructing the PRC's strategic culture which include several essential factors of thinking: the worldview of leaders, the war view of leaders and geostrategy view of leaders. These three basic strategic ways of thinking always guide the scenarios of the strategic culture, and also directly affect the strategic planning of the PRC. With the changes in the international environment, the military exercises of the People's Liberation Army have three modes of proceeding: military exercises in the mode of unilateral principle, military exercises in the mode of bilateral principle and in the mode of multilateral principle. The end of this article reveals that the PRC is changing its military exercises into different modes, trying to use joint maneuvers to achieve the function of military diplomacy and the goal of ”a peaceful development”. However, the worldview, war view and geostrategy view of the PRC's strategic culture always have the subjective consciousness of expansion hidden behind. Even if the PRC wants the world to believe that by holding the military exercises it seeks the peace, the world might see it just as a slogan of Chinese leaders, not as accepted international practice.

並列關鍵字

strategic culture ； military exercise ； joint maneuver ； peaceful development