新世紀中國大陸與非洲關係展望：新殖民主義與新自由主義之爭

China-Africa Relations in the 21th Century: New Colonialism vs. New Liberalism

鄧中堅(Chung-Chian Teng)

《全球政治評論》 47期 (2014/07) Pp. 35-58

摘要

進入到21世紀中國大陸與非洲國家間關係有了重大的進展，特別是在貿易投資和經濟發展方面。中國大陸提供的資金和經濟援助對當地的發展起了關鍵性的作用。隨之而來的是中國大陸的企業家、商販、技術人員、勞工紛紛搶進非洲，彼等與當地人民各種互動影響到中非的關係。中國大陸在非洲的出現和影響力已經超越了歐美國家，自然引發了後者之側目。因之，西方學者專家對於中國大陸在非洲的發展出現了不同的見解。有些主張中國大陸在非洲主要著眼於當地天然資源的開發，這樣的作為構成了一種新殖民主義的關係，而且這種說法在西方國家甚囂塵上。另外一種主張則從新自由主義的角度來詮釋，認為中國大陸的資金和開發援助有助於當地的經濟發展，至少使非洲國家沒有出現「資源詛咒」的現象。中國大陸就一再強調其在非洲地區積極協助進行基礎建設，對當地的發展貢獻良多，以此反駁之。在「新殖民主義」陰影籠罩下，中國大陸與非洲的關係是怎麼樣的型態，是如何發展呢？這是本研究的重心。

關鍵字

中國大陸 ； 非洲 ； 新殖民主義 ； 新自由主義

並列摘要

In the twenty-first century, China and Africa achieved major leaps forward in bilateral relations, particularly in terms of trade and investment and economic development. China’s capital and aid play an important role in the local development of Africa. Following the flow of capital, Chinese entrepreneurs, retailers, technicians and laborers entered into Africa and reshaped China-Africa relations through various interactions with locals. As China’s presence and influence in Africa exceeded western countries, the latter began to direct more attention to the phenomenon. Accordingly, western scholars reached various tentative conclusions on China’s development in Africa. Some observers argue that China has its eyes trained on Africa’s natural resources. China’s moves in Africa have given rise to a new colonial relationship with the continent-a popular interpretation in many western countries. An alternative reading comes from neo-liberalism and argues that Chinese capital and development aid help to drive economic development in Africa. In some sense, at least African countries have not been bound by the ＂curse of resources.＂ In response, China has repeatedly emphasized its role in active development of infrastructure and contributions in Africa. Based on the above, this paper seeks to describe the contours of China-Africa relations and its development under the shadow of new colonialism.

並列關鍵字

Mainland China ； Africa ； New Colonialism ； New Liberialism