從政治心理學分析川普的外交政策

Analyses on Trump's Foreign Policy: A Political Psychology Study

楊惟任(William Yang)

《全球政治評論》 67期 (2019/07) Pp. 29-55

摘要

2016年底，川普贏得美國總統選舉，他是個具有高度爭議的商界和媒體名人，過去從未擔任公職，缺乏政治訓練，高舉「美國優先」，以民族主義和不干涉原則作為處理對外關係的依據，和美國戰後以來奉行的國際主義迥然不同。然而，川普的外交政策並非建立在廣泛的國際經驗，而是個人對國際政治的有限認識，他鮮明的人格特質對外交政策形成有相當程度的影響，因此本文試圖透過政治心理學途徑分析川普的外交政策，同時檢視政治心理學在外交政策研究的問題。本文發現，川普的人格特質提高美國外交政策的不確定性，當外交政策越不可預期，風險和代價也愈高。另外，個體層次分析雖然填補理性模式的不足，但仍需對體系層次進行研究，並兩者進行理論的對話，才能對外交政策有較全面的認識。

關鍵字

川普 ； 政治心理學 ； 美國優先 ； 貿易保護主義 ； 不干涉原則

並列摘要

At the end of 2016, Donald Trump won the US presidential election. He is a highly controversial business and media celebrity. Trump has never held a public office in the past, lacks political training. He adopts the principle of nationalism and non-interference as the basis for handling foreign relations, calling for the ＂America First＂. It is very different from the internationalism pursued by the United States since World War II. However, Trump's foreign policy is based on his limited understanding of international politics rather than extensive international experience. His distinctive quality of personality has a considerable influence on foreign policy formation. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze Trump through political psychology. It also examines the issue of political psychology in foreign policy research. This paper finds that Trump's personality traits increase the uncertainty of US foreign policy, and the more unpredictable, the higher the risk and cost. Also, it still needs to study the system level, and the two can conduct a theoretical dialogue to have a more comprehensive understanding of foreign policy although the individual level analysis fills the shortcomings of the rational model.

並列關鍵字

Donald Trump ； Political Psychology ； America First ； Trade Protectionism ； Non-Interference Principle