緬甸羅興亞人問題的歷史解構及其當代意義

The Historical Deconstruction of The Myanmar's Rohingya Issue And It's Contemporary Significance

孫自明(Tzu-Ming Sun)

《全球政治評論》 74期 (2021/04) Pp. 135-157

摘要

羅興亞人問題成為當代全球關切的人道危機，主要係2018年聯合國獨立調查小組對緬甸軍方涉及「種族滅絕罪」的指控，以及翁山蘇姬執政後對於羅興亞人問題「不作為」之譴責。導致羅興亞人顛沛流離的直接因素是「公民身份」的無法取得，而根深蒂固的「族群仇恨」則是否定羅興亞人公民身份的根本原因。本文試圖透過歷史結構途徑解構當代羅興亞人問題的形成，依序自文獻重構問題形成的歷史背景、解讀羅興亞人族群之多元義涵、分析衝突的宗教因素、理解軍政府所採立場及相應政策之實踐；再進行歸納與分析出問題之構成，並據之提出包含作為國際議題之三項當代性評論。最後建議在尋求可行解決方案時，務須考慮此歷史積重的難題以訂出為各方皆能接受之羅興亞人身份標準之相關法律，以利緬甸重返國際社會為國家建設與經濟發展所必須引進之國際資金與技術，創造有利之投資條件與環境。

關鍵字

羅興亞人 ； 族群衝突 ； 宗教衝突 ； 公民權

並列摘要

The Rohingya issue was so serious that in 2018, it was accused by the United Nations Independent Investigation Panel of the genocide of the Myanmar military and the condemnation of Aung San Suu Kyi's inaction. On the surface; the inability to obtain citizenship is the direct driver of Rohingya's displacement, but the root cause of Rohingya citizenship be negated is just right the deep ethnic hatred. This article uses historical structural approach to deconstruct the root of this problem. First, reconstruction the problem's historical background from document. Second, Interpretated the multiple meanings of the Rohingya ethnic group. Third, analyze the religious factors of conflict. Fourth, understand the stances adopted by the military government and policies practice of it,s corresponding .Then, induct and analyze the composition of the problem. And on this basis, put forward three contemporary comments including international issues. And in the last, when countries and human rights organizations come up with feasible solutions, they must consider this problem. In the same, when the Myanmar government expects to truly enter the international community, it cannot avoid to setting a set of Rohingya identity laws and standards, that are acceptable at home and abroad. And in the last, when someone want to come up with feasible solutions, they must consider this problem. In the same, when the Myanmar government expects to truly return the international community, it cannot avoid to setting a set of Rohingya identity laws and standards, that are acceptable at home and abroad.

並列關鍵字

Rohingya ； ethnic conflict ； religious conflict ； citizenship