五四前後廢除家族制與廢姓的討論

傳統中國是以父系家族為基礎的社會，其形成多半由於久遠的社會經驗與儒家哲理的推進。直到近代，在西力的衝擊下，有識之士一面接受傳統文化教育，一面引介西方的理論和概念，相互評比估量，從而截短取長，以補救時弊，到五四時期達到高峰。其中或認為中西文化的最大差異處在「批評的精神」，批評之所以不產生於中國，主要是中了政治上君主專制與思想上儒家專制的毒，如何從層層專制束縛中脫困而出，家族乃至家庭革命的倡論由此而起，家庭肇建於男女婚姻，婚姻革命之說遂並之以起，門第的講求與豪門巨族的聯婚，廢除族姓之說再起。

關鍵字

無政府主義；廢家；廢婚；廢族姓

並列摘要

The Chinese society is traditionally based on paternity and is thus formed on the long-tested social experience and Confucius' philosophy of life. It is not until recently that the intellectual elites of the society who have taken traditional education and who start to accept Western principles and ideas at the same time began to make comparison, in the hope that they can get rid of the shortcomings and adopt the merits of the two rather different cultural systems. These activities reach the zenith around the days when the May-4(superscript th) Campaign happens. Some of the scholars do believe that the biggest difference between Chinese and Western civilization lies in the ”Spirit of Criticism”. The Chinese people have never been accustomed to finding fault, mainly because they are politically restricted to the absolute monarchy and ideologically to Confucius' ideas of family despotism. Many began to suggest that the Chinese people find some way to rid themselves from the boundary of multi-layered tyranny, leading to the abolishment of family clans. As family clans are built up on the basis of marriages they also begin to initiate another marriage revolution trying to do away with the marriages among big family names, the marriage of rich families and eventually to eliminate the family names.