北伐前期的蔣馮關係（民國15至16年）－以《蔣中正總統檔案》爲中心的考查

北伐時期是蔣中正和馮玉祥兩人關係的起始，兩人如何建立關係？關係如何發展？本文係探討民國15年北伐開始至16年蔣中正下野止，兩人關係的推演。首先討論蔣中正和馮玉祥合作的背景和原因，其次論述寧漢分裂和徐州會議對兩人合作關係的影響，再次分析馮玉祥調和寧漢國共糾紛的角色，並討論蔣中正第一次下野的原因。有共同的目標與利害關係，蔣中正和馮玉祥攜手合作，取得北伐第一階段的勝利。然對反共和討奉問題上，兩人有不同的認知。蔣中正主張反共為先，以為釜底抽薪，應先解決武漢共黨的問題，再全力對付奉張。馮玉祥不認為反共是第一要務，主張寧漢雙方應放下爭議，同心一致北伐，一鼓作氣掃滅奉張。馮玉祥以寧漢調人自居，先參加漢方的鄭州會議，繼又出席寧方的徐州會議。徐州會議給甫立足南京的蔣中正打了一劑強心針，對北伐的未來發展取得一致的共識，確立聯合馮、閻以制奉張的戰略。徐州會議也抬高了馮玉祥在革命陣營的聲望，其勢力由西北進入中原，居舉足輕重的地位。

關鍵字

蔣中正；馮玉祥；徐州會議；鄭州會議；西北軍

並列摘要

It was during the Northward Expedition that Chiang Kai-shek and Fung Yu-hsiang built up their relationship. How did they start it? How did it develop? These are the two questions that this paper intends to explore. This paper first looks at the backgrounds of both key figures and the rationales of each for cooperation. Then, it discusses the impact of the split between Nanking and Hankuo and the Hsu-chou Meeting on the cooperation. Finally, it analyzes the role Fung played in negotiating the Ning-Han conflicts, with special reference to Chiang Kai-shek's first resignation. As the two shared a common goal and interests, their cooperation won the first victory in the Expedition. However, they had different opinions on the issues of anti-communism and anti-Northeast Armies. Chiang held that to settle the communist problems at Wu-han was most important, keeping the Fung-Chang problem as secondary. And yet, Fung opposed to such policy, holding that the Ning-Han issue should be put aside for the time being, focusing on the exterminating of the Fung-Chang in the Northward Expedition. Fung regarded himself as a good negotiator for the Ning-Han issue. He also attended the Hsu-chou Meeting sponsored by the Ning army. The meeting was an incentive to Chiang, providing good reasons for the cooperation between the two giants. The meeting also promoted the status of Fung, enabling him to enter the central plains to become one of the leaders.