日本殖民地下的臺灣人企業－以桃崁輕便鐵道會社爲例

日治初期，臺灣總督府中央、地方財政吃緊，發展地方交通的經費極爲有限。總督府的地方交通發展政策爲，積極管理人力車、牛馬車等舊有交通工具，並積極獎勵私有輕便鐵路、私有鐵路等新式交通。隨著西部縱貫鐵路分段完工，軍用輕便鐵路陸續撤廢，在總督府獎翼政策的引導下，1900年代興起舖設輕便鐵路之風潮。地方官廳調查地方貨物集散狀況，選出有經營價值的線路，以提供軌條、車輛等材料及補助經費的方式鼓勵地方紳民出資舖設，桃崁輕便鐵道會社即是在此一政策背景下成立。就人事面觀之，第一批經營幹部大多是清領時期的地方望族，政權交替之際協助日軍平亂、重建地方秩序有功，爲殖民統治者收編。這批經營幹部除了積極參與公職之外，亦活躍於地方經濟、教育文化、慈善公益等事業。職是之故，不僅得以在築路後的第一時間取得輕鐵經營權、獲得官方支援軌條、動員保甲舖設、廉價租用土地；而後，由於長期與官方維持良好關係，有助於其擴張營運。日治初期總督府攏絡、收編地方領導階層不僅作爲行政輔助工具，亦藉此集結臺灣人資本推動地方事業，亦即總督府的地方交通發展政策係與地方領導階層的收編攏絡政策相互爲用。本研究展現臺灣人對新事物、新產業的接受度與挑戰力、臺灣人活躍於中小企業的實況，亦體現臺灣人資本於殖民地時期的存續與發展，以及地方領導階層由具功名者、地主、資產家轉爲企業家的實況。

關鍵字

日治時期；輕便鐵路；企業；領導階層菁英；殖民

並列摘要

In the beginning of the Japanese-ruled Period, the local transport policies of Taiwan Governor's Office's aim for more efficient management of old modes of transport, such as rickshaw and wagon on the one hand, and promote new modes of transport, such as private light railway and private railway on the other. Taiwan Governor's Office adopts a reward policy which gives rise to the light railway construction boom in the 0s. The local government surveys the local distribution of freight, and picks out the lucrative routes; it subsidizes the local gentries and provides them with rails and freight cars in order to stimulate their investment. Tao-Kan light railway corporation is thereby established. As to the personnel, the initial executive officers are composed mainly of local renowned families since the Ching Dynasty. They are assimilated and exalted by the Japanese colonizers for their participation in quelling the revolts and re-establishing order. They play a crucial role both in public office and local economies, education and culture, and charity organizations. These privileged gentries are thus able to obtain not only railway management after the launch of road construction, but also the government's provision of rail; their construction is facilitated with the manpower of the Bao-Jia and the lowly-rent land. Their harmonious relationship with the government secures the later expansion. Taiwan Governor's Office fraternizes and assimilates the local elites; they are further utilized for administrative purpose, and their capital is gathered for local development. In other words, Taiwan Governor's Office's local transport plan interacts with its plan of assimilation.