〈汝墳〉詩旨試探

〈汝墳〉的創作意旨，因為卒章「魴魚赬尾，王室如燬」二句的理解而有許多不同的詮釋架構。漢代詩說根據卒章認為全詩為婦人勉勵其夫，後世學者則或有認為是勸慰其夫，在這類架構下，前兩章的思念之情在卒章就顯得缺乏著落。宋以後學者有見於此，將「君子」及卒章「父母」視為同一對象，情感的連接雖得以連貫，卻存在著「父母」的用法與全《詩》不合的問題。站在全詩情感變化應合理的立場，本文贊成馬瑞辰將卒章理解為婦人設辭挽留其夫之說，不過在此架構下，「赬尾」、「如燬」有別於魚勞、酷烈的舊說，於理都應具有正面的意涵，亦即其夫有繼續外出之意，婦人也才有設辭挽留的必要。

關鍵字

詩經；汝墳；魴魚；結構；紅色

並列摘要

There are different interpretative frameworks regarding the poem ”Ru Fen” because of different understandings about the two sentences in its final stanza, that is, ”the bream shows its red tail, and the royalty looks like blazing fire.” The Poetry Theory of the Han Dynasty suggested that a woman wrote the poem in order to encourage her husband. Some scholars in later times believed that the woman sought to console her husband by writing this poem. However, the yearning expression in the former two stanzas would be lost in the final one within these frameworks. In view of this problem, scholars since the Song Dynasty equaled ”Jun Zi” in the first stanza to ”parents” in the final stanza. Although the emotional linkage is coherent between the two stanzas, the usage of the term ”parents” is not consistent with those in the rest parts of the Classic of Poetry. From the perspective that the emotional linkage should be coherent in the whole poem, this essay agrees with Ma Rui-chen’s interpretation that the final stanza is about a woman who tried to persuade her husband to stay. Nevertheless, within this framework, the terms ”red tail” and ”like blazing fire” should not imply ”the fish is exhausted” and ”the royalty’s ruling is as cruel as blazing fire” respectively. The two terms in the final stanza should have positive implications. In other words, the husband’s intention of continuously serving the royalty gave his wife an excuse to persuade him to stay.