《左傳》文詞釋讀五則

本文討論《左傳》五則文詞，第一為隱元（B.C.722）《傳》「純孝」及隱四（B.C.719）《傳》「純臣」之「純」，二「純」可訓為「全」義；「純孝」謂保全孝道，「純臣」指保全臣道。第二討論宣十二（597 B.C.）《傳》「廣有一卒，卒偏之兩」，此處「偏」為「半」義、「兩」為「二」義，知楚王之左廣、右廣各為十五乘。成七（584 B.C.）《傳》「以兩之一卒適吳，舍偏兩之一焉」，二「兩」字皆訓為「輛」，意指兵車。「兩之一卒」為強調此「卒」為兵車單位，此處「偏」字仍為「半」義。全句乃謂以兵車單位一「卒」三十乘前往吳國，且留下一半兵車於吳國。第三說明宣十二（597 B.C.）《傳》之「申儆」、成十六（575 B.C.）《傳》之「申宮」及「申守」、宣十五（594 B.C.）《傳》之「申固」，四處「申」字皆為有整飭、約束、強固之意。第四是襄三十（543 B.C.）《傳》「都鄙有章，上下有服」之「章」與「服」，指不同色彩的衣服。又《傳》文「取我衣冠而褚之」之「褚」，可直釋為收納衣物的囊橐；「我有子弟，子產誨之」之「誨」乃遵守禮之規範。第五討論定十二（498 B.C.）《傳》「墮三都」之「墮」，「墮」指減損、降低，「墮三都」乃謂減損三都城牆高度，使其無法固守防禦，非拆除其全部城牆。

關鍵字

純；兩；申；章；墮

並列摘要

There are five phrases of Tso Chuan will be discussed with new explanations in this article. The first one is to compare ＂Chun Hsiao＂ (wholehearted piety) which was written in 722 BC with ＂Chun Chen＂ (wholehearted minister) which was written in 719 BC. Both words interpret ＂Chun＂ as an adjective ＂wholehearted＂, therefore, the meaning of ＂Chun Hsiao＂ is filial piety wholeheartedly, and ＂Chun Chen＂ can be clearly explain to be a law-abiding minister wholeheartedly. The second one is to discuss ＂liǎng＂, ＂zú＂, ＂piān＂ these three words in two different sentences ＂guǎng yǒuyī zú, zú piān zhī liǎng＂ (The Chu's own chariots are divided into two bodies of 15 each.) which was written in 597 BC and ＂yǐ liǎng zhī yī zú shì wú, shě piān liǎng zhī yī yān＂ (Wuchen went to Wu with thirty chariots, and he left fifteen of them.) which was written in 584 BC. In both sentences, the meaning of ＂liǎng＂ is a chariot, ＂zú＂ is the measure word of vehicles, ＂piān＂ is an half. The third one is to discuss ＂shēn jǐng＂, ＂shēn gōng＂, ＂shēn shǒu＂ and ＂shēn gù＂ these four phrases in three different sentences. These four ＂shēn＂ can be explained as a verb ＂rectify＂, ＂restraint＂ or ＂strengthen＂. The fourth one is to discuss ＂zhāng＂ and ＂fú＂ in the sentence ＂dōu bǐ yǒu zhāng, shàng xià yǒu fú＂ (Zichan made the central cities and border lands of the State be exactly defined, and enjoined on the high and inferior officers to wear only their distinctive robes.) which was written in 543 BC. The meaning of ＂zhāng＂ and ＂fú＂ is a kind of clothes but different colors. Furthermore, in the sentence ＂qǔ wǒ yī guān ér chǔ zhī＂ (We must take our robes and caps, and hide them all away.) the meaning of ＂chǔ＂ is a kind of bag which we can put clothing inside. In the sentence ＂wǒ yǒu zǐdì, zǐ chǎn huì zhī＂ (Tis Tsze-ch'an who our children trains.) which was written 498 BC the meaning of ＂huì＂ is to follow the rules of etiquette. The fifth one is to discuss ＂duò sān dōu＂ (to dismantle walls of three chief cities to a certain height so that they cannot defense against enemies easily). The meaning of ＂duò＂ is as a verb ＂dismantle＂ or ＂tear down＂.