墨翟之經學析論－以程元敏先生《先秦經學史》為討論中心

An Analysis on the Modi's Classics Studies: A Discussion focusing on Xian Qin Jing Xue Shi By Cheng Yuan-min

李洛旻(Lok-Man Lee)

《東華漢學》 30期 (2019/12) Pp. 53-93

摘要

程元敏先生《先秦經學史》一書以經學之肇始時期作為討論範圍。彼書除了討論孔子以及其門人之經學外，並對儒家以外的先秦諸子學術有所窺探。儒家以外，程先生論證墨翟嘗學六藝於仲尼之徒，對儒家學術有所繼承及反動，本文即就是書「墨翟之經學」一章之觀點，加以析論。今本《墨子》大量載錄了《詩》、《書》、《春秋》等文獻，但其引用範圍出於孔門刪定之六經以外，可見墨翟及其墨徒雖習儒經，卻不囿於孔門所編定的教材。況且，《墨子》視先王典籍文獻為史料，強調其驗證功能，有別於儒者斷章取義，強調闡發義理的方法。可見，墨翟否定《詩》、《書》典籍的教化功能，反而每多憑藉古書的記載，修正孔門學說。

關鍵字

程元敏 ； 先秦經學史 ； 墨子 ； 經學 ； 六藝

並列摘要

A monograph Xian Qin Jing Xue Shi authored by Cheng Yuan-min has a thorough introduction about the initial period of Chinese Classics Studies. In the book, Classic Studies of different schools other than Confucianism in Pre-Qin period have been discussed comprehensively. Among Cheng's discussions, he indicates Modi, the founder of the Mohist School, had ever followed Confucians and learnt their Classics and knowledges. However, only part of their ideas was agreed by Modi. This article attempts to elaborate the discussion about the Classics studies of Modi that Cheng has made in his book. Many texts from Shijing, Shujing and Tsunchiu were recorded in the transmitted version of Mozi, but not all of them match the transmitted Confucian Classics. It shows the fact that Modi and his students may not use the same version of Classics that Pre-Qin Confucian studied. Moreover, Confucian see the Classics as a teaching materials in a philosophy way. Different from the Confucian, Mohist use them as evidences to prove historical facts and try to make adjustments on Confucian theories.

並列關鍵字

Cheng Yuan-min ； Xian Qin Jing Xue Shi ； Mozi ； Confucian Studies ； Chinese Classics

參考文獻

［戰國］呂不韋著，《呂氏春秋》。《四部叢刊》初編影上海涵芬樓藏明宋邦乂校本。

［戰國］晏嬰著，《晏子春秋》。《四部叢刊》初編影明活字本。

［戰國］荀卿著，《荀子》。《四部叢刊》初編影古逸叢書本。

［戰國］韓非著，《韓非子》。《四部叢刊》初編影上海涵芬樓藏影宋鈔校本。

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