民國報刊「醫療賦」之寓意及其社會倫理效用－以〈大補賦〉、〈優生賦〉、〈保命賦〉為例

中國「賦」體自漢代枚乘〈七發〉以來，就具有諷喻療疾的效能。民初報刊中的「醫療賦」，因為運用律賦押韻，琅琅上口易於記誦的特質，再加上賦體自身鋪采摛文、瑋字儷辭的修辭特色，故能對病症細節，極盡描寫之能，於醫藥效用，發揮刻畫之功。民初因現代醫藥的製造、販售與廣告宣傳，在傳媒行銷渲染的帶動下，特別與傳統「賦」體文學交織唱和：一方面展示「賦」之於作者／讀者連結之廣告行為及社會文化作用；二方面透過報刊傳媒之印刷媒體所帶動之「共同體」想像，從個人身體到國族關懷，建立起公共性的情感交誼及倫理效用。晚清民國以降，鴉片煙害的荼毒、現代醫療及公共衛生等知識的缺乏，加上「東亞病夫」孱弱身體與國體衰頹的體察，讓「強種」與「強國」得以連結。尤其表述個人「身體」的對治，常象徵「國體」強健的思維，並藉由西方醫學知識弔詭的轉化成民族主義的內在凝聚與傳統文化的認同。這種另類的「師夷長技以制夷」，在資本主義植入，藥廠商業行為的操作下，民初現代醫藥製造、販售與廣告宣傳，有些特別與傳統「賦」體文學交織唱和。文人在創作「醫療賦」時，不免於「勸」，也就是勸進報刊「讀者」購買、服用這些律賦頌揚療效之「藥品」，透過〈大補賦〉（以人造自來血為韻）、〈優生賦〉（以優生特靈為韻）、〈保命賦〉（以特勢多賜保命為韻）等刊載，報刊讀者所代表的城市大眾，由是獲知當時人們服用補血聖品「人造自來血」、優生良藥「優生特靈A」，以及解鬱良藥荷爾蒙「特勢多」等醫藥之新知，呈現另一種傳統文藝流動到現代文明的光譜。當這些中、西融合的保健醫藥因賦作在報刊上的刊登，傳播「強種」即「強國」，希冀去除「東亞病夫」羸弱之身體，期待人民購買服用後，進而達到大補（血）、保命、維生、強身及療疾之效能，隨之也顯露出國民個人身體及其象徵的國體之自信與進步。

關鍵字

〈大補賦〉；〈優生賦〉；〈保命賦〉；問疾醫療；強種強國；賦用倫理

並列摘要

The "medical Fu (Rhapsodies)" in the newspapers of the early Republic of China used the rhyme of Rhyme Rhapsodies and was easy to remember. In addition, the rhetorical features of the Fu (Rhapsodies) themselves were the Great and beautiful words, so the details of the diseases can be extremely Describe to the best of their abilities; in the medical effects, played the powers of portrayal. Since the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the poison of opium smoking, Lacking of modern medical and public health knowledge. The weak body of the "Sick Man of East Asia" and the reform of the state system. It also links the "Enhance Species" with the " Enhance Country", especially the expression of the personal "body", which often symbolizes the strong thinking of the "Nation body". And through the paradoxical transformation of Western medical knowledge into the internal cohesion of nationalism and the identification of traditional culture. This kind of alternative "learning from barbarians to develop skills to control barbarians". The implantation of capitalism, and the operation of pharmaceutical companies' business practices. At the beginning of the Republic of China, due to the manufacture, sale and advertising of modern medicine, especially with the traditional "fu (Rhapsodies)" style of literature interweaves and sings harmony. When literati create "medical fu (Rhapsodies)",such as "Dabu Fu (Rhapsodies) (with artificial self-blood as rhyme)," Eugenic Fu (Rhapsodies) (with eugenic special spirit as rhyme), " Baoming Fu (Rhapsodies) (with special powers and more Baoming as rhyme)" and so on. They can't help but "persuade", that is, to persuade the "readers" of newspapers and periodicals to buy and take the "medicine" that praises the curative effect of these legal Fu (Rhapsodies). The general public represented by the readers of the newspapers learned new knowledge about the medicines that people took at the time, such as the "artificial self-blood", the anti-depressant drug, hormones, and the eugenic drug, "eugenetrane A". It Presents another spectrum of traditional literature and art flowing into modern civilization. When fusions of these Chinese and Western health medicines are published in newspapers and periodicals of Rhapsodies. Spreading the "strong species" is the "strong country", and eliminates the efficacy of the "sick man of East Asia" that weakens the body. After the people buy and take it, they can achieve the effects of nourishing (blood), protecting life, sustaining life, strengthening the body and curing diseases. It also reveals the self-confidence and progress of the national body and its symbolic national body.