清末民初俗曲時調與新式歌曲的話語流動－從報刊俗曲到新詩歌曲間的探究

清末民初是一個傳統與新潮相遇、衝突與融合的時代。流布於民間的傳統俗曲與來自歐美或由日本中介的新式歌曲，也在這個時代結緣、互動、浸染。但是，同樣作為「音樂文學」的二者，其個別的「文學話語」（歌詞）與「音樂話語」（曲調），究竟發生了什麼樣的流動現象？除了可以顯示「歌曲」於內容及形式上的變化現象，更因為這些「話語」可能象徵特定的文化符碼，使得這些變化，具有反應社會「民情趨向」與特定人物作為的意義，而牽涉到「歌曲」在這個時代環境中，如何於現實社會發揮激蕩民情、推新觀念傳播、強化教育機能、形成娛樂習慣等方面的功能。所以，本文將在兼顧「歌曲」本具文學與音樂兩方面的「話語」，且不限雙方自身或彼此產生「流動」的立場上，觀察、探討其自「進步報刊」到學堂樂歌、新詩歌曲所代表的不同階段，由「有識之士」參與、時局環境刺激、文藝展示及教育運用、大眾娛樂趨向等因素，於俗曲與新式歌曲在歌詞內容與形式、曲調運用、歌曲作用等方面所呈現的特色，以及其中涉及社會現象所代表的意義與影響。

關鍵字

俗曲時調；新式歌曲；清末民初；學堂樂歌；新詩歌曲

並列摘要

It was a traditional and trendy met, conflict, fusion era in the end of the Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic. The traditional Chinese popular song and the new songs from Europe and the United States or intermediary by Japan associated in that time. However, the same as the music literature of both the individual ”literary literation” (lyrics) with music literation ”(tunes), what happened to what kind of flow phenomena? In addition to displaying the ”song” in content and form change phenomenon, but also because these ”literation” may be a symbol of a particular cultural codes, making these changes with reaction social ”public sentiments”. These songs also involved in instigating public sentiments through literary push new ideas spread, and strengthen the education function, form entertainment habits and other aspects of the function in that era. This study would take into account the ”songs” of their ”literation” with both literature and music. It has to observe, explore the different stages of the song of progressive newspapers, new style schools and vernacular poet. Explore these songs to the performance of the current situation of environmental stimuli, educational use and mass entertainment tends.