歐盟移民治理的發展與困境－整合理論的觀點

Exploring the Development and Difficulty of EU Immigration Governance: Viewpoints from Integration Theories

賴昀辰(Yun-chen Lai)

《臺灣民主季刊》 18卷3期 (2021/09) Pp. 49-98

摘要

移民治理是研究歐洲統合運動的熱點議題之一，因為移民政策牽涉到市場、經濟、安全、人權、法治、發展，乃至於認同等不同面向之議題。就移動的範圍來看，可將歐洲的移民流動分為兩個不同層次，一為內部性—區域內會員國之間的公民流動，一為外部性—區域外第三國公民進入歐盟。歐洲早期的合作從內部性流通開始，在內部範圍的流通取得成功後，近年嘗試在外部範圍的流動進行合作。本文首先回顧歐洲移民治理由內而外的歷史發展，及歐盟移民治理現況，再由政府間主義與超國家主義的競爭觀察現今歐盟移民治理面臨的挑戰。在理論上，使用解釋歐盟整合發展的「整合理論」，包括強調國家偏好的自由派政府間主義、強調外溢的新功能主義，及強調政治化的後功能主義，來解釋歐盟移民治理面臨困境的原因，以此思考為何歐盟移民治理在其積極推動人權的行為準則下，在現實面上仍面臨發展限制。

關鍵字

歐盟 ； 移民治理 ； 政府間主義 ； 後功能主義 ； 政治化

並列摘要

Immigration governance is a hot issue for the study of European integration project, as immigration involves with various issues of market, economy, security, human rights, rule of law, development and identity. From moving areas, the flow of European immigrations could be divided into two groups. One is internal, i.e., the flow of citizens of member states within the region, the other one is external, i.e., the entry of third-country citizens into the Europe. The cooperation of European immigration policies started from internal flow. After the success of internal area, cooperation has spilled-over to external arena. This essay firstly reviews the development of European immigration governance and its current status, then the competition between intergovernmentalism and supranationalism is used to explore the current challenges faced the EU immigration governance. This research explains the reason leading to the challenges of the EU by integration theory, including liberal intergovernmentalism, neo-functionalism, as well as the newly-developed post-functionalism which stresses politicization. It also explains why the EU immigration governance faces challenges while the EU actively promotes the norm of human rights.

並列關鍵字

EU ； immigration governance ； intergovernmentalism ； postfunctionalism ； politicization

參考文獻

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