「日語形容詞語幹+促音」探究

近年日本的電視劇中常常出現［kowa□］［uma□］［haya□］等「形容詞語幹+促音」形式的用法。日本文部省於2011年2月所進行的「國語輿論調查」也以此為調查項目之一。究竟「形容詞語幹+促音」形式具有何種語意與功能？本研究從語音學、詞彙論、語意論、談話論的觀點考察之後得到以下結論：1.「形容詞語幹+促音」之用法應該與「形容詞語幹」之用法加以區分。2.與形容詞語幹之節拍數無關，所有「形容詞語幹+促音」形式均呈現出語頭低語尾高之上昇語調。3.「形容詞語幹+促音」之形容詞種類包含屬性形容詞、成覺形容詞與成情形容詞。各個形容詞都具有主觀色彩。4.「形容詞語幹+促音」具有合瞬間性、速度成之強烈成情色彩。5.「形容詞語幹+促音」經由換喻的過程從形容詞轉變為感嘆詞，由於促音的添加，因此屬於有標的品詞轉換。6.表現說話者心態的「形容詞語幹+促音」不論是獨處或是在人前都屬於非正式場面之非傳達性表達法。由於成情強烈，因此說話者之心情、表情都不是穩定的狀態。筆者建議，雖然日語詞典和一般日語教科書都未見提及，不過，日語教育現場對於此種目前廣為使用之日常用語「形容詞語幹+促音」形式應該加以重視。

關鍵字

「日本語形容詞語幹+促音」形式；語音；詞彙；談話；日語教育

並列摘要

The ＂adjective stem+xtu＂ form like [kowa□] [uma□] [haya□] is frequently used in the Japanese dramas in recent years. It's also taken up as an investigation object of poll about Japanese which depended on Japanese Ministry of Education in February, 2011.This study considered the ＂adjective stem+xtu＂ form from the angle of phonetics, lexicology, semantics and discourse analysis. 1. The ＂adjective stem+xtu＂ form is different from the ＂adjective stem＂ form. 2. The intonation of ＂adjective stem+xtu ＂ is the rise type. 3. The vocabulary restriction is seen by the ＂adjective stem+xtu＂ form. 4. ＂xtu＂ of ＂adjective stem+xtu＂ form expresses speaker's strong feeling with the instant nature and the feeling of speed. 5.＂Adjective stem+xtu＂ form is converted into an exclamation from an adjective based on metonymy. 6. ＂Adjective stem+xtu＂ form represents the speaker's mental attitude. This is also the case of a soliloquy, in some cases to be transferred to someone. But it's used by an informal situation mainly. This use has non-communicability. Because it is strong emotional display, neither the feelings nor the expression is calm.