抗戰日軍「一號作戰」與中共敵後發展策略

Operation ICHI-GO and the Development Strategy of CCP

宋啟成(Chi-Cheng Sung)

《國防雜誌》 30卷6期 (2015/11) Pp. 59-80

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.2015.30(6).3

摘要

1937年，對日抗戰爆發，原致力於赤化中國的中國共產黨，此時雖致電中華民國國民政府表達效忠之意，然卻無心抗敵，反倒以發展自身實力為主，故不願與國軍戰力合而為一。自1940年，中共發動百團大戰，並引來日軍大力掃蕩且嚴重不利其發展後，反倒有機會自我整頓，加強其內部意識形態統一與對毛澤東的效忠，而成就另一種型式的實力發展。1944年5月，逐漸衰頹的日軍傾全力發動一號與烏號作戰，而頗有斬獲之際，共軍也因敵後威脅減輕，故能大肆發展，成為戰後叛亂的張本。中共在這八年之所以發展神速，除得利於國府須傾全力對日作戰，加上治理弊端招致民怨，更重要是來自美、英盟國對中國大陸戰場的長期漠視，讓國府在國內戰場疲於奔命的同時，還要把大批精銳調往印緬，造成國軍節節敗退與主力集中西南，也讓中共能在廣大的敵後地區開闢根據地，導致戰後國內局勢混亂。

關鍵字

一號作戰 ； 中共 ； 抗日戰爭 ； 敵後

並列摘要

The War of Resistance Against Japan broke out in 1937. Originally the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) devoted itself to take the whole China under its control, although it pledged loyalty to the R.O.C. government but paid no efforts to resist the Japanese invasion and developed its strength instead. Therefore, the CCP did not intend to be integrated with national armed forces. Since 1940, the CCP launched ＂Hundred Regiment Campaign＂, which incurred Japanese military's full-fledged attack and thus delayed its development. However, it found opportunity to carry out self-consolidation and enhanced the unification of interior ideology and loyalty to Mao Zedong that achieved another type of capability development. In May, 1944, the much weakened Japanese forces gathered all its strength to launch Operation ICHI-GO and Imphal operations, which gained considerable combat success. The CCP forces could thus tremendously develop its strength due to the ease of threat in enemy-occupied areas. The CCP could develop so fast is because not only the people complained about failed administration of the R.O.C. government, but most importantly, the neglection of the Chinese theater by allies such as the U.S.A. and U.K. over a long period of time. Especially, while the R.O.C. was exhausted in fighting the Japanese in mainland, it still had to deploy a large number of elite troops to India and Myanmar to help the allied forces. Therefore, this shifted the major concentration of R.O.C. troops to Southwest China, and dramatically weakened its strength, which allowed CCP to establish in most enemy-occupied areas. China had thus been chaotic in the post Sino-Japanese War era.

並列關鍵字

Operation ICHI-GO ； CCP (Chinese Communist Party) ； The War of Resistance against Japan ； Enemy-occupied areas