《孫子兵法》之地緣政治思維與啟示

Inspiration on Geopolitical Thinking of Sun Tzu's Art of War

葛惠敏(Hui-Min Ko)

《國防雜誌》 32卷1期 (2017/03) Pp. 53-72

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.2017.32(1).3

摘要

《孫子兵法》為我國流傳至今深具地緣政治思維的兵書，而且地緣政治思維相關部分占全書相當的比例，足見孫子對於地緣政治在戰爭中地位的重視。《孫子兵法》地緣政治思維主要表現在地緣戰略、地理及地形三個不同階層。「地緣戰略」層面涉及外交、經濟、心理、軍事等領域，形成孫子的地緣外交戰略、地緣經濟戰略、地緣心理戰略及地緣軍事戰略；「地理」層面論述了地理形勢與建軍備戰、野戰用兵間之關係；「地形」層面則探討各種地形的戰術運用原則。整體而言，孫子地緣政治思維的主要內涵表現在獲得「地利」及贏得戰爭勝利，此內涵在21世紀的今日仍有其價值，並提供了諸多啟示。

關鍵字

地緣政治 ； 地緣戰略 ； 地理 ； 地形 ； 地利

並列摘要

＂Sun Tzu's Art of War＂ presents the most geopolitical thinking among ancient military books so far. The geopolitics-related chapters constitute a lot of proportion of the book, which demonstrates that Sun Tzu values the geopolitical importance in the war. The geopolitical thinking of ＂Sun Tzu's Art of War＂ mainly manifests in three levels: geo-strategy, geography, and terrain. Geo-strategy level involves diplomatic, economic, psychological, and military fields and hence forms Sun Tzu's geo-political diplomacy strategy, geo-economic strategy, geo-psychological strategy, and geo-military strategy; geographical level discusses the relationship between geographical situation, national defense construction, and military thinking respectively; terrain's level explores the tactics of a variety of terrain. In general, the main connotation of Sun Tzu's geopolitical thinking appears in getting the ＂favorable geography＂ and winning the war. The connotations still have their values and provide a lot of inspirations in the 21st century.

並列關鍵字

Geopolitics ； Geo-strategy ； Geography ； Terrain ； Favorable Geography