從臺日漁業協議探討未來臺菲漁業爭端解決之途徑

The Settlement Mechanism for the Fishery Dispute between Taiwan and the Philippines: The Perspective of ＂Taiwan-Japan Fisheries Agreement＂

張家瑍(Jia-Huan Chang)

《國防雜誌》 32卷4期 (2017/12) Pp. 41-57

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.2017.32(4).2

摘要

歷經17年的談判與衝突不斷的折衝與協商，我國與日本終於在2013年4月10日完成《臺日漁業協議》簽署，初步對釣魚臺周邊海域臺日雙方漁業作業秩序作出規範，成為我國與鄰近國家，就重疊專屬經濟海域及漁船作業議題簽署第一份協議，也是處理亞太地區海域爭端的一個重要國家實踐。臺灣與菲律賓歷年來因專屬經濟海域重疊，而漁業紛爭不斷。自1968年以來，我國漁民多次在臺灣南部海域因漁業衝突發生遭菲律賓襲擊、扣押之事件。最著名的就是2013年5月9日所發生的「廣大興28號」漁船在臺菲專屬經濟海域重疊海域作業遭菲律賓公務船舶攻擊事件，激發民眾對我國與菲律賓長久以來專屬經濟海域重疊部分的漁業爭端的注意。本文試圖剖析《臺日漁業協議》簽訂過程、相關意涵及《臺菲有關促進漁業事務執法合作協定》簽訂後之觀察，探討未來臺菲專屬經濟海域重疊部分漁業爭端解決之可能模式。

關鍵字

臺日漁業協議 ； 臺菲有關促進漁業事務執法合作協定 ； 專屬經濟海域 ； 漁業衝突 ； 爭端解決

並列摘要

The EEZ fishery conflicts between Taiwan and Japan in the East China Sea have existed for a long time. After Taiwan and Japan signed ＂Taiwan-Japan Fisheries Agreement＂ on April 10 of 2013, the conflicts had been temporarily solved. On the one hand, Taiwan and the Philippines have the same claims in the overlapping waters; on the other hand, due to not achieving neither an agreement of maritime boundary delimitation nor just a temporary agreement in between, the two countries still face high tension situation on scrambling for fishery resources. This article focuses on analyzing the process of signing ＂Taiwan-Japan Fisheries Agreement＂ and its implications to argue, after signing ＂Law Enforcement in Fisheries Matters between Taiwan and the Philippines,＂ whether or not Taiwan and the Philippines can reach a better way to solve the fishery disputes in the overlapping waters and to make a provisional arrangement to reduce the disputes.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan-Japan Fisheries Agreement ； Agreement on Law Enforcement in Fisheries Matters between Taiwan and the Philippines ； EEZ ； Fishery Disputes ； Disputes Settlements