德國在歐盟「共同外交與安全政策」演進的立場與角色（1990～2021）

Germany's Stand and Role in the Evolution of the EU's ＂Common Foreign and Security Policy＂(CFSP) (1990~2021)

龔隆生(Long-Sheng Kung)

《國防雜誌》 36卷4期 (2021/12) Pp. 105-136

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.202112_36(4).0004

摘要

「共同外交與安全政策」是歐盟在應對後冷戰時期安全挑戰的策略，主要是讓歐盟對國際事件採取聯合一致的立場，以維護會員國的利益，可以在自主的行動能力支撐下，處理歐洲危機，預防軍事衝突，建立歐洲的安全環境。歐盟面對新的挑戰，勢必提出新的因應策略，「共同外交與安全政策」在歷史進程改變之下，從2017年歐盟啟動「永久結構性合作」機制與「歐洲防衛基金」設置，歐盟會員國更宣示要積極建立一個歐洲防衛聯盟。這是歐盟三大支柱之一的安全政策，在安全戰略演進之下，到「歐盟全球戰略」（EUGS），勢必成為聯盟應付日後國際安全與危機挑戰的重要策略。德國國家戰略與國際情勢變化下，一直是在作一個配合執行國際安全者的角色，無法做單一行動的國家，這除了是領受戰敗歷史的教訓之外，也感受到勢單力薄的經濟負荷。因此，歐洲未來的發展以及美歐互動中的戰略自主理念更須密切地關注。德國位於歐洲的中心，也是歐盟的主導國，這些新軍事整合意向是否可以視為歐洲軍事合作的新起點，繼續強化歐盟的「共同外交與安全政策」，扮演好這些角色，是當前一個很重要的全球戰略議題。

關鍵字

預防外交 ； 永久結構性合作 ； 歐洲防衛基金 ； 歐盟全球戰略

並列摘要

The ＂Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)＂ is the EU's strategy for coping with the security challenges in the post-Cold War era. The main purpose is to enable the EU to take a unified stand on international incidents in order to safeguard the interests of member states. Under the support of its autonomous capabilities. The CFSP is able to deal with any European crisis and prevent military conflicts in order to establish a safe environment in Europe. Facing the challenges of the EU's new situation, it is necessary for the CFSP to come up with a new response strategy, and it has been changing in the course of history. In 2017, the EU launched the ＂Permanent Structural Cooperation ＂mechanism and established the ＂European Defense Fund.＂The EU member states have even declared that they will actively build a European defense coalition. Security Policy, as one of the three pillars of the European Union, has evolved into the European Union Global Strategy (EUGS), and is expected to become an important strategic framework for dealing with future international security challenges and crisis. Germany has always preferred to play the role of a security keeper as a member of an international community rather than acting unilaterally by itself. This preference is shaped not just by Germany's post-WWII historical experience, but also by the reality of economic and resource constraints. As such, the future development of Europe and the idea of strategic autonomy in the interactions between the United States and Europe will be something we need to closely observe. Germany is situated in the center of Europe and also the leading nation in the region. For Germany, whether these new military integration intentions can be regarded as a new starting point for European military cooperation and continue to strengthen the EU's ＂Common Foreign and Security Policy,＂ and how to well perform the role is a very important global strategy issue at present.

並列關鍵字

Preventive Diplomacy ； Permanent Structural Cooperation ； European Defence Fund ； EU Global Strategy