A Real Multicultural Society?-Contemporary Racism Towards Stereotyped Taiwanese Indigenous People(s)

臺灣真的是多元文化的社會嗎？－當代的種族歧視與主流社會對原住民族的刻板印象化

劉鶴群(He-Chiun Liou)

《真理大學人文學報》 4期 (2006/03) Pp. 333-367

https://doi.org/10.29962/TOJA.200603.0013

摘要

雖然不可否認地的在過去的幾個世紀中，臺灣主流社會對原住民族的偏見和歧視有明顯的改變，但卻也存在著同等顯著的延續性。本研究試圖回答在當今受漢人支配的臺灣社會中，原住民族是如何遭到刻板印象化與歧視？並且要如何才能矯正這些問題？本研究有三個主要發現。第一，主流社會對臺灣原住民族的刻板印象化直接造就了個人層次的種族偏見。這是一個從未間斷的過程，而漢族中心主義的大眾傳播媒體和教育體系是最主要的刻板印象來源。其次，就現今的原漢關係而論，漢人對原住民族外顯的歧視〔敵意或衝突〕已經不那麼嚴峻，但是不可諱言地種族歧視依舊存在。當代臺灣種族歧視所呈現出來的型式是一種對漢人優勢地位的合理化。這種「隱微的」種族歧視最常見的策略就是責怪受害者，換句話說，就是將原住民族現今社會經濟上的劣勢，和他們的「種族特徵」連結在一起。藉此，漢人可以維繫他們對臺灣文化及社會經濟資源的主導地位。本研究同時也指出漢人和原住民密切的互動並不一定能夠保證種族歧視的減少，因為原住民族經濟上的弱勢型態和種族歧視間呈現出來的是一種無止境的循環。優惠性差別待遇及文化多樣性的選擇方案是確保原住民族獲得平等參與，並在職場及教育體制中獲得更高成就的策略。

關鍵字

刻板印象 ； 偏見 ； 種族歧視 ； 原住民族

並列摘要

Although over the past centuries there have been visible changes in the prejudicial attitudes and behaviours displayed towards Taiwanese indigenous peoples, there have also been equally significant continuities. This study answers in what ways Taiwanese indigenous people(s) are still stereotyped and prejudiced against in current Han-dominated society, and asks how these issues could be redressed. The findings of this research are threefold. Firstly, the stereotyping of indigenous peoples, which directly contributes to the individual cognitive aspect of racial prejudice, is a powerful and ongoing process in which the Han-ethnocentric mass media and education system are instrumental. Secondly, although the Han's blunt hostility towards the indigenous people has, by and large, become a thing of the past, contemporary racism exists at the individual, intergroup and institutional levels, placing an emphasis on a cultural hierarchy. Finally, this study demonstrates that frequent interactions between Han and indigenous people do not guarantee a reduction in racial prejudice, because patterns of indigenous people's economic disadvantage are self-perpetuating. Altogether, this study proposes that in order to rectify these issues, deliberate and concerted action to empower indigenous people-including a revised multicultural educational system and the establishment of true equality of opportunity-is required. The latter has most commonly involved affirmative action and selection for diversity, which ensures a reasonably equal representation of the indigenous population, and thus contributes to their occupational and educational advancement.

並列關鍵字

Stereotype ； Prejudice ； Racism ； Indigenous Peoples