從《笑府》、《古今譚概》的選錄標準論馮夢龍對雅俗笑話分判的原則及意涵

The Principle and Implication of Feng Meng-Long's Differentiation on Elegant and Popular Funny Stories: Criteria of Selection in ＂Xiao Fu＂ and ＂Gu Jin Tan Gai＂

李昭鴻(Chao-Hung Lee)

《真理大學人文學報》 13期 (2012/10) Pp. 1-25

https://doi.org/10.29962/TOJA.201210.0001

摘要

《笑府》和《古今譚概》係經由馮夢龍蒐集、整理和編纂完成的笑話總集，皆為古代笑話書史上的代表性著作，而分屬「民間笑話」和「文人笑話」兩種不同類型。由於馮夢龍性喜諧謔、博學多聞，對於笑話書的價值與功能也抱持肯定態度，是造成《笑府》、《古今譚概》之以卷帙繁多著稱，及笑話理論思想完整建構的重要原因。根據研究顯示，《笑府》和《古今譚概》之作品有明顯的雅俗差異，主要以敘事特徵的虛構或真實，文字風格的通俗或高雅，及內容題材間涉色情或才情為分別。透過對雅俗辨分原則及現象之觀察，除明瞭馮夢龍係根據隱含讀者的差異性進行調整，以兼顧出版利潤的現實考量外，在使笑話書的消遣和娛樂效果得能呈現之餘，且強調其具備教化功能，則馮夢龍於笑話書史上的貢獻也由此彰顯。

關鍵字

馮夢龍 ； 《笑府》 ； 《古今譚概》 ； 笑話文學 ； 文言小說

並列摘要

＂Xiao Fu＂ and ＂Gu Jin Tan Gai＂ are general collections of funny stories that are collected, arranged, and compiled by Feng Meng-Long. They are representative creations in the history of funny story book in ancient times, and they belong to two different types of ＂folk funny stories＂ and ＂literati funny stories＂, respectively. Feng Meng-Long is a bantering and polymath person, so he holds a positive attitude toward the value and function of funny stories. This is an important reason that ＂Xiao Fu＂ and ＂Gu Jin Tan Gai＂ feature in abundant volumes and having complete structure in theoretical thoughts of funny stories. According to the research, the contents of ＂Xiao Fu＂ and ＂Gu Jin Tan Gai＂ have obvious differences in their popular and elegant features. The differentiation mainly depends on fabrication or truth of narrative feature, popularity or elegance of writing style, and erotica or talent of content topic. Through the observation on the principle and phenomenon of differentiation in popularity and elegance, we understand that Feng Meng-Long makes adjustment according to the differences of the implied readers, and he also takes publishing profits into consideration. In light of this, the amusing and entertaining effects of funny story book are fully presented and its enlightening function is also emphasized. The contribution of Feng Meng-Long on the history of funny story book is hereby manifested.

並列關鍵字

Feng Meng-Long ； Xiao Fu ； Gu Jin Tan Gai ； a funny story ； Classical Short Story