敘事取向的靈性關懷初探：以基督教為例

Exploration of Spiritual Caring in Narrative Therapy: Take Christianity as an Example

張雅惠(Yea-Huey Chang)

《真理大學人文學報》 21期 (2018/10) Pp. 25-42

摘要

靈性關懷儼然是現代助人工作的重要課題。靈性的古典定義傾向於宗教的詮釋，肯定宗教經驗與身心靈健康的關聯，近代研究也多支持人與內在生命的神性本源重建連結，能促進人格健康成長。在後現代主義影響下的敘事取向心理治療常被用來協助人尋求靈性成長，因此，若將基督教信仰之人觀做為敘事治療的基礎，則敘事治療的輔導歷程必能成為適切的靈性關懷技術。敘事取向的靈性關懷歷程中，當事人的主流故事或因無法符合世俗標準，或因對信仰錯誤的認知而使人沮喪並失去認同的根源。當助人者以深度同理的態度聆聽當事人描述故事的歷程，有助評估當事人的靈性概況，而在解構的過程中，可幫助當事人釐清信仰議題，並在尋找獨特化經歷時，可引導當事人經歷信仰真實，以擴展當事人的視野，重新認識信仰內涵，達成啟發盼望的功能。最後，教會生活的經歷成為當事人重新入會的資源，進而啟發新自我認同，以強化新的生命改變，使當事人邁向靈性成熟。本文乃從敘事取向的療程結構逐步討論以基督教信仰為改變內涵的靈性關懷工作，在實際應用上會面臨的問題與可能因應之道。

關鍵字

敘事治療 ； 靈性 ； 靈性關懷 ； 解構 ； 問題外化

並列摘要

Spiritual caring is an important issue in modern helping profession. The classic definition of spirit tends to explain it in a religious fashion, affirming the relationship between religious experiences and the health in body and mind. Recent researches support that with the connection of the human being and their inner guidance, personalities can grow robustly. Affected by Postmodernism, narrative therapy is often used to assist the spiritual growth of help seekers. Therefore, applying the belief of Christianity in the foundation of narrative therapy, the process of counseling could be appropriate spiritual caring technique. In the process of counseling using spiritual caring in narrative therapy, if the help seekers' story could not fit into the social norm or lose faith in belief due to wrong cognition, by listening empathetically to the help seekers' description of the story, the helper could evaluate their state of the spirit. While by deconstruct, on the one hand, the helper could help the help seeker clarify the issue in one's own belief. On the other hand, in the process of searching for special experiences, the help seeker could broaden one's own view and understand the essence of the belief again, and gain one's own hope. Finally, the life in the church could become one's own resources of going to the church again, and inspires one to affirm one's own new self, facilitating the changes of life and become more spiritual mature. In this paper, the discussion progresses from the frame of narrative therapy to spiritual caring of using Christianity to help the change and the possible problems and possible solution to the application.

並列關鍵字

Narrative therapy ； spirit ； spiritual caring ； deconstruct ； Externalization of the problem