法國第五共和憲法公投法制之研究

A Research on the Legal System of Referendum in the Fifth Republican Constitution of France

林理裕(Li-Yu Lin) ； 楊東連(Dong-Lain Yang)

《白沙人文社會學報》 5期 (2006/10) Pp. 25-47

https://doi.org/10.6766/JPHSS.200610.0025

摘要

台灣公民投票形成風潮，除了人民直接民主意識高漲外，台灣獨立運動者更扮演著推手的角色。公民投票在我國憲法地位原本規範僅限於地方自治的公民投票，自從公民投票法立法完成與增修條文通過憲法修正與領土變更之公民複決，我國公民投票制度有極大的改變。我國憲法原本規定修憲複決專屬於國民大會權限，至於中央法律創制複決權亦由國民大會行使。但憲法增修條文凍結國民大會的所有職權，這等於將創制複決中央法律權限回歸人民。立法院於是有權依憲法的授權制定公民投票法。我國憲法關於公民投票列為法律保留，對於憲法保留的憲法規範則欠缺完整規定。本文分析將憲法性與立法性的公民投票均入憲的法國第五共和憲法及其實務運作，歸納得知：法國公民投票為任意公投、行政公投、憲法保留公投、拘束性公投、政治性傾向公投，其中憲法保留、拘束性公投等觀念值得我國入憲參考。

關鍵字

公民投票 ； 創制 ； 複決 ； 憲法保留 ； 行政公投 ； 第五共和憲法

並列摘要

The referendum in Taiwan has become a trend, not only because of people’s asking for more direct democracy, but also because of the urging from those people who are seeking for Taiwan’s independence. In Taiwan, the referendum is originally limited to the local autonomy level only. However, when the Legislature Yuan enacted the referendum law and the constitutional reform required the citizenry to vote for either the constitutional amendment or the change of national territory, Taiwan’s referendum system has changed greatly. According to the original constitutional articles, the referendum or initiative of laws, or the amendment of the constitution is the National Assembly’s authority exclusively. This constitutional amendment freezes all functions and powers that belonged to the National Assembly, which means that the authority for initiative or referendum about laws will return to the citizenry. The Legislative Yuan then has the right to make the referendum law in accordance with the mandate of the constitution. Our constitution lets the Legislative Yuan decide the referendum law, which causes the constitution itself short of complete regulation in this field. This text analyses the regulation and operation of the French Fifth Republic, which stipulates both levels of referendum, constitutional and legislative. In conclusion, French referendum is a kind of optional referendum, administrative referendum, constitutional reserved referendum, constrained referendum, and political orientation referendum. The ideas of constitutional reserved referendum and constrained referendum are particularly worthy of our reference.

並列關鍵字

Referendum ； Initiative ； Plebiscite ； Constitutional Reserved ； Administrative Referendum ； The Fifth Republican Constitution