論章法結構的“變化律”及其心理基礎

變化律，是宇宙自然的規律之一，宇宙間一切的事物莫不在變易之中；人類長期觀察自然界變動的現象後，抽繹出移位及轉位的「變化之理」，再透過人之「心」，將此「理」（規律）投射到哲學、藝術、文學等領域，而辭章章法的變化律，也就因此而產生。藉由「變化律」（「移位」與「轉位」）的運用，可以將辭章材料作秩序性及參差性等不同的安排，使得近四十種章法能夠再加以變化，而形成了各式各樣的章法結構類型（主要分為「移位結構類型」及「轉位結構類型」兩大類）。本文即就「變化律」所形成的章法結構類型為重點，以古典詩詞為例來說明其究竟，以見出其在章法結構中的重要地位；並從心理層面來探究「章法變化律」（含移位與轉位）的心理基礎，由此見出辭章章法的「變化律」是對應於宇宙自然、為人心所共同感知的重要規律。

關鍵字

章法結構；變化律；移位；轉位；移位結構；轉位結構；心理基礎

並列摘要

Conversion Regularity is one of the laws of Nature in which everything is in conversing state. Human beings abstract the conversion regularity (including shift and transfer) from observing Nature for a long time, and then apply it to all fields (such as philosophy, art and literature), inclusive of the structures in the writing organization. By the application of the conversion regularity, we can arrange article materials in different ways of orderly and irregular, and then obtain various types in the structures of writing organization (including ”shift types” and ”transfer types”). In this article, I focus on the types of ”shift” and ”transfer” occurred in conversion regularity, and illustrate them by some Chinese classical poems. Furthermore, I explore the psychological bases of the conversion regularity in the structures of writing organization, and explicate the conversion regularity is an important law, which is inherent to each human being.