20世紀上半臺中地區閩客族群的分布－幾種日治時期種族祖籍調查的分析比較

清朝治臺後，漢人大量進入臺中地區開墾，由於入墾先後順序以及械鬥等因素影響，逐漸形成「泉人近海、漳人居中、客人居內」的面貌，本文利用日治時期的調查統計資料，檢證了這種分布的正確性，同時藉由連續性的族群分布圖比較得知，20世紀上半臺中地區的閩客分布相當穩定且涇渭分明：介於大安溪到大肚溪間的沿海地帶，以及臺中盆地中心地區是福老優勢區，東邊近山區蕃界則是客家優勢，整個區域被一條無形的閩客交界線從西北斜向東南劃開。以今天的行政區域來看，大臺中市的東勢、新社、石岡屬客家優勢區，此區域左側的太平、北屯、豐原、后里、外埔是閩客間緩衝地帶，閩客交界線大致從這幾個鄉鎮市中央穿過，向北連接濱海的苗栗縣苑裡鎮，向南則與南投國姓的客家優勢區相連，以迄於山邊。本研究同時也發現在臺中盆地東緣地區，祖籍調查與國勢調查呈現不一致的結果。筆者推論，這應當與移民的雙重族群屬性有關。原鄉來自漳州及潮州者，原本即有同時操持閩客語者；而日治時期的調查，或因各調查的分類不一，或因調查者不易理解這種原鄉位於閩客交會區的族群歸屬，遂造成調查資料上的混淆。惟日治中期以後，盆地東緣移民已完全福老化，以致近代語言學者在此處的調查，將其完全劃入漳州腔優勢區。

關鍵字

臺中盆地；漳州客；閩客交界地帶；鄉貫調查

並列摘要

After the Qing Dynasty took over the administration of Taiwan, numerous Hans moved into the Taichung Basin. It gradually became common that Quanzhou people lived near the sea, the Zhangzhou people dwelled in the middle, and the Hakka people resided close to the mountains. The author utilizes the investigated statistic data of the Japanese occupation and examines the validity of the distribution data. It has been discovered that there are several inconsistencies regarding the east edge of the Taichung Basin. It can be inferred that it may be related to the dual community attributes of Zhangzhou immigrants which included the Zhangzhou Hoklo and Zhangzhou Hakka. The investigation of the year 1901 used the classification of native places. The Zhangzhou Hakka were classified as Hoklo. Afterwards, the household surveys mainly classified Min and Hakka. Therefore, the Zhangzhou Hakka was classified into the Hakka group. At the same time, the Zhangzhou Hakka was completely acculturated by Holo during the mid period of Japanese occupation. Consequently, contemporary linguistic scholars classify it into the priority area of Zhangzhou dialect when they conduct research in the area.