唐詩分期模式的典範轉移

The paradigm shift of the periodization mode of Tang poetry's history

林偉盛(Wei-Sheng Lin)

《興大人文學報》 68期 (2022/03) Pp. 77-108

摘要

本文從知識發展的角度，探討唐詩分期從古代具影響力的「四唐」說，到20世紀以降諸種新說的出現，所具有的「典範轉移」的意義。首先，通過討論「四唐」說的形成過程，指出其分期模式為詩學與時序的混搭，而時序隸屬於詩學，故其本質上是一門關於實踐的知識，其實踐意義蘊含兩個層面：「做人」與「作詩」。也因而導致「四唐」說若從時序的角度來理解，則每有曖昧、含混之感。接著，討論20世紀以降的唐詩分期新說，其本質則是回到時序本身，講究實事求是，尤其關注唐代詩歌發展過程中的轉變時期，遂提出「安史限界」和「中唐樞紐」的觀點，且成為唐詩分期研究的討論重心。最後，則進一步討論兩種不同的唐詩分期模式，實分屬兩種不同的知識系統：詩教與科學。前者內蘊著儒學詩教的意識形態，後者則以「泛科學主義」的意識形態為主導。兩種知識典範的轉移，意味著世界觀的轉變，此前與此後，是兩個不可共量的世界觀。傳統的「詩學與時序混搭」分期模式未獲20世紀以降知識分子的青眼，而紛紛另立新說，追求讓分期模式「回到時序本身」，實因所追求的價值與對世界的理解業已迥然。

關鍵字

典範轉移 ； 四唐 ； 安史限界 ； 中唐樞紐

並列摘要

From the perspective of knowledge development, this paper explores the significance of "paradigm shift" of the periodization modes of Tang poetry that from the traditional four periods to the emergence of various new periodization in the 20th century. First, by discussing the formation process of the Tang poetry's four periods, we discover that its mode of periodization is a mix of Poetics and History. Since History is subordinate to Poetics, it is essentially a knowledge about practice that contains two levels: being a human and writing poetry. Therefore, if the theory of the "Four Tangs" is understood from the perspective of History, it is always ambiguous and indistinct. Next, by discussing the new periodization mode of Tang poetry after the 20th century, we point out that its essence is returning to History itself , which pays attention to seeking truth from facts, especially to the period of transformation in the development of Tang poetry's history. For that reason, the views of "An-Shi limit"(安史限界) and "Mid-Tang pivot"(中唐樞紐) are proposed. This has become the focus of discussion in the study of the periodization of Tang poetry's history. Finally, by further discussing the two different modes of the periodization that belong to two different knowledge systems: Poetic education and Science, we recognized that the former includes the ideology of Confucianism, while the latter is dominated by the ideology of pan-science. The shift between the two knowledge paradigms means the change of the world view. The intellectuals after the 20th century do not pay attention to the traditional mode of the mingling of Poetics and History, and they have come up with new theories. The pursuit of the periodization mode of "returning to History itself" is due completely different pursuit of values and understanding of the world.

並列關鍵字

paradigm shift ； the Tang poetry's four periods ； An-Shi limit ； Mid-Tang pivot

參考文獻

元‧方回撰 Yuan‧Fang, Hui，《桐江集》（南京：江蘇古籍出版社，1988 年）。Yuan‧Fang, Hui. Tong jiang ji. Nanjing: Jiangsu guji chubanshe, 1988.

元‧楊士弘編選，明‧張震輯注，明‧顧璘評點，陶文鵬、魏祖欽點校，《唐音評注》（保定：河北大學出版社，2006 年）。Yuan‧Yang, Shihong, ed. Ming‧Zhang, Zhen, jizhu/annotated. Ming‧Gu, Lin, pingdian/commented. Tao, Wenpeng and Zuqin Wei, dianxiao/proofread. Tang yin ping zhu. Baoding: Hebei University Press, 2006.

明‧宋訥，《西隱集》，《景印文淵閣四庫全書》集部第 164 冊（臺北：臺灣商務印書館，1986 年）。Ming‧Song, Ne. Xi yin ji. In Wen yuan ge si ku quan shu Ji bu vol. 164. Taipei: The Commercial Press, 1986.

明‧高棅編纂，汪宗尼校訂，葛景春、胡永傑點校，《唐詩品彙》（北京：中華書局，2015 年）。Ming‧Gao, Bing, ed. Wang, Zongni, jiao ding. Ge, Jingchun and Yongjie Hu, dian xiao. Tang shi pin hui. Beijing: Zhon hua shuju, 2015.

明‧高棅輯，日本‧東褧箋注，《唐詩正聲箋注》，日本‧長澤規矩也輯，《和刻本漢詩集成》總集篇第 3 輯（東京：汲古書院，1978 年據南勢古人居刊本印）。Ming‧Gao, Bing, ed. Japan‧Higashi, Mutei, senchū. Tōshi seisei senchū. In Wakokubon kanshi shūsei Dai 3 shū. Edited by Japan‧Nagasawa, Kikuya. Tokyo: Kyūko Shoin, 1978, ju nan shi gu ren ju kan ben yin.